Maximal-Helicity-Violating Scattering of Gluons and Gravitons in Chiral Strong Fields.

We present all-multiplicity formulas for the tree-level scattering of gluons and gravitons in the maximal helicity violating (MHV) helicity configuration, calculated in certain chiral strong fields. The strong backgrounds we consider are self-dual plane waves in gauge theory and general relativity, which are treated exactly and admit a well-defined S matrix. The gauge theory background-coupled MHV amplitude is simply a dressed analog of the familiar Parke-Taylor formula, but the gravitational version has nontrivial new structures due to graviton tails.

A consistent Great Lakes ice cover digital data set for winters 1973-2019.

Ice formation and loss in the Laurentian Great Lakes has a strong impact on regional climate, weather, economy and ecology in North America. To record the ice changes during the winter season, Great Lakes ice cover data has been collected and maintained since 1973 by Canadian Ice Service, U.S.

Fears, Depression, and Anxieties of Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy and Implications for Education and Treatment.

Objective: This study investigates undiagnosed depression and anxiety related to diabetes in patients with diabetic retinopathy and identifies commonly feared complications that these patients experience.

Methods: The 74 consecutive individuals with diabetes were recruited for this investigation from the office of a retina specialist, and data were obtained from the participants through a self-report survey given to the patients before their appointment.

Results: The most feared complication reported by patients surveyed was blindness (38.

Investigation of the Environmental and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Counties with a High Asthma Burden to Focus Asthma Action in Utah.

Rising adult asthma prevalence (AAP) rates and asthma emergency room (AER) visits constitute a large burden on public health in Utah (UT), a high-altitude state in the Great Basin Desert, USA. This warrants an investigation of the characteristics of the counties with the highest asthma burden within UT to improve allocation of health resources and for planning. The relations between several predictor environmental, health behavior and socio-economic variables and two health outcome variables, AAP and AER visits, were investigated for UT's 29 counties.

Pes Planus Deformity and Its Association With Hallux Valgus Recurrence Following Scarf Osteotomy.

Background: Hallux valgus recurrence is an unsatisfactory complication, with many causes postulated. This study investigated the effect of pes planus on recurrence after scarf osteotomy.

Methods: A total of 183 feet were retrospectively reviewed.

Potential microbial bioindicators of phosphorus mining in a temperate deciduous forest.

Aims: The soil microbial community plays a critical role in increasing phosphorus (P) availability in low-P, weathered soils by "mining" recalcitrant organic P through the production of phosphatase enzymes. However, there is a lack of data on the fungal and bacterial taxa which are directly involved in P mining, which could also serve as potential microbial bioindicators of low P availability.

Methods And Results: Leveraging a 5-year P enrichment experiment on low-P forest soils, high-throughput sequencing was used to profile the microbial community to determine which taxa associate closely with P availability.

Visuo-attentional correlates of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children with Down syndrome: A comparative study with children with idiopathic ASD.

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) relative to the general population. To better understand the nature of this comorbidity, we examined the visuo-attentional processes associated with autistic trait expression in children with DS, focusing specifically on attentional disengagement and visual search performance.

Method: We collected eye-tracking data from children with DS (n = 15) and children with idiopathic ASD (iASD, n = 16) matched according to chronological age.

Relationship Between Evaluations of Tracheal Tube Position Using Ultrasound and Fluoroscopy in an Infant and Pediatric Population.

Introduction: A non-radiographic technique to measure the location of the tracheal tube (TT) in children is of value given the risk of inappropriate TT placement along with concerns about radiation exposure. Airway point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has demonstrated utility in children, but the examinations vary by age and may require non-traditional techniques or utilize less common probes. This study evaluated the performance of measuring the tracheal location of the cuffed TT using a novel, linear probe-based POCUS examination over a wide age range of children.

Randomised clinical trial: palliative long-term abdominal drains vs large-volume paracentesis in refractory ascites due to cirrhosis.

Background: Palliative care remains suboptimal in end-stage liver disease.

Aim: To inform a definitive study, we assessed palliative long-term abdominal drains in end-stage liver disease to determine recruitment, attrition, safety/potential effectiveness, questionnaires/interview uptake/completion and make a preliminary cost comparison.

Methods: A 12-week feasibility nonblinded randomised controlled trial comparing large-volume paracentesis vs long-term abdominal drains in refractory ascites due to end-stage liver disease with fortnightly home visits for clinical/questionnaire-based assessments.

COVID-19-related anxiety predicts somatic symptoms in the UK population.

This study aimed to estimate the association between anxiety associated with COVID-19 and somatic symptoms, using data from a large, representative sample (N = 2,025) of the UK adult population. Results showed that moderate to high levels of anxiety associated with COVID-19 were significantly associated with general somatic symptoms and in particular with gastrointestinal and fatigue symptoms. This pattern of associations remained significant after controlling for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pre-existing health problems, age, gender, and income.

Saccade dysmetria indicates attenuated visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by attenuated social attention. The underlying oculomotor function during visual exploration is understudied, whereas oculomotor function during restricted viewing suggested saccade dysmetria in ASD by altered pontocerebellar motor modulation.

Methods: Oculomotor function was recorded using remote eye tracking in 142 ASD participants and 142 matched neurotypical controls during free viewing of naturalistic videos with and without human content.

New GMP manufacturing processes to obtain thermostable HIV-1 gp41 virosomes under solid forms for various mucosal vaccination routes.

The main objective of the MACIVIVA European consortium was to develop new Good Manufacturing Practice pilot lines for manufacturing thermostable vaccines with stabilized antigens on influenza virosomes as enveloped virus-like particles. The HIV-1 gp41-derived antigens anchored in the virosome membrane, along with the adjuvant 3M-052 (TLR7/8 agonist) on the same particle, served as a candidate vaccine for the proof of concept for establishing manufacturing processes, which can be directly applied or adapted to other virosomal vaccines or lipid-based particles. Heat spray-dried powders suitable for nasal or oral delivery, and freeze-dried sublingual tablets were successfully developed as solid dosage forms for mucosal vaccination.

Mental Health and Weather Extremes in a Southeastern U.S. City: Exploring Group Differences by Race.

The connection between mental health and weather extremes is a public health concern, but less studied to date than physical health. This exploratory study examines the mental health impacts of two kinds of weather extremes increasingly linked to climate change-summer heat waves and extreme winter weather-in a low- to middle-income population in the Southeastern U.S.

Capability, opportunity, and motivation to enact hygienic practices in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest global health threats facing humanity in recent memory. This study aimed to explore influences on hygienic practices, a set of key transmission behaviours, in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011).

Ankle stability in ankle fracture.

Restoration of normal ankle kinematics should be the all-encompassing ethos in the approach to management of ankle fractures. To do this, the ligamentous stabilisers must also form part of its assessment and definitive management and be considered during index fracture fixation surgery. This article is a review of the anatomy, mechanics and clinical testing of instability in ankle fractures.

Reconstruction of Severe Ankle and Pilon Fracture Malunions.

Malunion of ankle and pilon fractures has significant detrimental effect on function and development of post-trauma osteoarthritis. Unfortunately, the incidence of malunion has been reported to be increasing. It is important to assess the ankle for congruency, because this determines the level where correction will occur.

Comparative Study of Spring Ligament Reconstructions Using Either Hamstring Allograft or Synthetic Ligament Augmentation.

Background: Idiopathic flatfeet are usually caused by attenuation of the medial soft tissues rather than a lateral osseous deficiency. Debate continues on whether spring ligament attenuation or posterior tibial tendon (PTT) dysfunction is the initial driver for the deformity. Our comparative prospective study aimed to quantify the radiological and clinical outcomes of 2 techniques for spring ligament reconstruction using a hamstring graft or a synthetic ligament.

On the ambiguity regarding the relationship between sequential congruency effects, bilingual advantages in cognitive control, and the disengagement of attention.

Grundy, Bialystok, and colleagues have reported that at short response-stimulus intervals bilinguals have smaller sequential congruency effects in flanker tasks compared to monolinguals. They interpret these differences to mean that bilinguals are more efficient at disengaging attentional control. Ten empirical studies are presented that show no differences between bilinguals and monolinguals under conditions that produced robust sequential congruency effects.

Determining baseline toxicity of ozone against an insecticide-susceptible strain of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. under laboratory conditions.

Background: Ozone gas is commercially used for deodorization and microbial control. Its efficacy against stored product insect pests is well documented. In the midst of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.

Under the Hood: Using Computational Psychiatry to Make Psychological Therapies More Mechanism-Focused.

Psychological therapies, such as CBT, are an important part of the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. There is a growing desire to understand the mechanisms by which such therapies effect change so as to improve treatment outcomes. Here we argue that adopting a computational framework may be one such approach.

Effect of Posture Feedback Training on Health.

Collapsed or slouching posture has been associated with negative health outcomes such as pain, depression, and overall stress ratings as well as declines in general health, emotional well-being, and energy/fatigue levels. Currently, wearable devices and accompanying smartphone applications (apps) can provide feedback about shifting posture (e.g.

Neural and behavioural indices of face processing in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A longitudinal study from infancy to mid-childhood.

Impaired face processing is proposed to play a key role in the early development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to be an endophenotypic trait which indexes genetic risk for the disorder. However, no published work has examined the development of face processing abilities from infancy into the school-age years and how they relate to ASD symptoms in individuals with or at high-risk for ASD. In this novel study we investigated neural and behavioural measures of face processing at age 7 months and again in mid-childhood (age 7 years) as well as social-communication and sensory symptoms in siblings at high (n = 42) and low (n = 35) familial risk for ASD.