Neighbourhood socioeconomic conditions and emergency admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in children: a longitudinal ecological analysis in England, 2012-2017.

Background: Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are those for which hospital admission could be prevented by interventions in primary care. Children living in socioeconomic disadvantage have higher rates of emergency admissions for ACSCs than their more affluent counterparts. Emergency admissions for ACSCs have been increasing, but few studies have assessed how changing socioeconomic conditions (SECs) have impacted this.

In-situ quality monitoring during embedded bioprinting using integrated microscopy and classical computer vision.

Despite significant advances in bioprinting technology, current hardware platforms lack the capability for process monitoring and quality control. This limitation hampers the translation of the technology into industrial GMP-compliant manufacturing settings. As a key step towards a solution, we developed a novel bioprinting platform integrating a high-resolution camera for in-situ monitoring of extrusion outcomes during embedded bioprinting.

Age and biologic survival in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: A cohort study from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR).

Background: The current management of psoriasis does not differentiate between young and old patients in selecting the safest and/or most effective biologic.

Objectives: To explore the effect of age at treatment initiation in response to biologics in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the UK and Eire.

Methods: Data from patients registering to the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR) from 2007-2024 on first course of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) 12/13, IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors (i) with at least 6 months' follow-up were included.

Understanding Access to Care: Factors Influencing Patient Attendance at Craniofacial Speech Evaluations.

Evaluate predictors for attendance and adherence to speech evaluations and determine factors that influence longitudinal care for patients with cleft palate and craniofacial differences. Retrospective, observational cohort study. Tertiary children's hospital.

The challenges of quantifying the effects of housing on health using observational data.

Housing is an often overlooked yet fundamental social determinant of health. Like other social epidemiology exposures, housing faces a tension between the promise of modern causal inference methods and the messy reality of complex social processes and reliance on observational data. We use examples from over a decade of research to illustrate some of the key challenges in undertaking causally focused healthy housing research and demonstrate approaches that have been applied to address these challenges.

Quality of Cancer Recurrence Data in the National Cancer Database: A Reappraisal of Reporting Readiness.

Background: This study evaluated the quality of cancer recurrence data in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to determine if missingness and reporting consistency have improved enough to support national research.

Methods: This multi-methods study included NCDB analyses and a cancer registry staff survey. Trends in recurrence data missingness from 2004 to 2021 and multivariable analyses of factors associated with missingness from 2017 to 2021 were evaluated for 4,568,927 patients with non-metastatic cancer.

Complex Management of Respiratory Failure, Atrial Fibrillation, Ventricular Tachycardia, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Patient Following Osteomyelitis Amputation: A Case of Multisystem Complications Occurring Postoperatively.

is an opportunistic, multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterium often affecting patients with significant comorbidities. This case report examines the hospital course of a 75-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), who presented with compromised respiratory status and recurrent infections, highlighting the complexities of clinical management in the setting of multidrug-resistant HFpEF organisms and postoperative complications. The patient was admitted following an episode of ventricular tachycardia and acute respiratory failure, requiring rapid airway management and intensive clinical intervention.

Differential Diagnosis of a Pharyngeal Fricative and Therapeutic Monitoring of Velopharyngeal Function Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Purpose: Speech disorders associated with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) are common. Some require surgical management, while others are responsive to speech therapy. This is related to whether the speech error is obligatory (passive) or compensatory (active).

Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Ratio Is a Clinically Significant Anatomic Predictor for Velopharyngeal Surgical Need.

Objective: Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) poses challenges for normal speech production, often necessitating surgical intervention. Determining optimal candidates for surgery remains complex and requires a nuanced understanding of underlying anatomic factors contributing to VPI. This study aimed to identify anatomic predictors that drive surgical recommendations for VPI.

Formation of complex organics by covalent and non-covalent interactions of the sequential reactions of 1-4 acrylonitrile molecules with the benzonitrile radical cation.

Benzonitrile molecules are present in ionizing environments including interstellar clouds and solar nebulae, where their ions can form adducts with neutral molecules such as acrylonitrile leading to the formation of a variety of nitrogen-containing complex organics. Herein, we report on the formation of complex organics by the sequential reactions of 1-4 acrylonitrile (CNH) molecules with the benzonitrile radical cation (CNH˙). The results reveal the formation of the covalently bonded -acrylonitrile-benzonitrile radical cation (CNH˙) with a rate coefficient of 2.

Recovery of biological signals lost in single-cell batch integration with CellANOVA.

Data integration to align cells across batches has become a cornerstone of single-cell data analysis, critically affecting downstream results. Currently, there are no guidelines for when the biological differences between samples are separable from batch effects. Here we show that current paradigms for single-cell data integration remove biologically meaningful variation and introduce distortion.

Microbial and mineral interactions decouple litter quality from soil organic matter formation.

Current understanding of soil carbon dynamics suggests that plant litter quality and soil mineralogy control the formation of mineral-associated soil organic carbon (SOC). Due to more efficient microbial anabolism, high-quality litter may produce more microbial residues for stabilisation on mineral surfaces. To test these fundamental concepts, we manipulate soil mineralogy using pristine minerals, characterise microbial communities and use stable isotopes to measure decomposition of low- and high-quality litter and mineral stabilisation of litter-C.

Donor-specific immune senescence as a candidate biomarker of operational tolerance following liver transplantation in adults: Results of a prospective, multicenter cohort study.

Immunosuppression can be withdrawn from selected liver transplant recipients, although robust clinical predictors of tolerance remain elusive. The Immune Tolerance Network ITN056ST study (OPTIMAL; NCT02533180) assessed clinical outcomes and mechanistic correlates of phased immunosuppression withdrawal (ISW) in nonautoimmune, nonviral adult liver transplant recipients. Enrolled subjects were ≥3 years posttransplant with minimal/absent inflammation or fibrosis on a screening liver biopsy.

A Computational Model Reveals How Varying Muscle Activation in the Lateral Pharyngeal Wall and Soft Palate Differentiates Velopharyngeal Closure Patterns.

Purpose: Finite element (FE) models have emerged as a powerful method to study biomechanical complexities of velopharyngeal (VP) function. However, existing models have overlooked the active contributions of the lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) in VP closure. This study aimed to develop and validate a more comprehensive FE model of VP closure to include the superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC) muscle within the LPW as an active component of VP closure.

Prognosis and Risks for Probable Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Rationale: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) hinders lung transplant success. A 2019 consensus refined CLAD diagnosis, introducing probable or definite CLAD based on persistence of lung function decline. Outcomes and risks for probable CLAD remain uncertain.

Position statement on the management of pregnancy in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy which causes multi-organ dysfunction. Pregnancies in SCD are high risk with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, including vaso-occlusive crises, thrombosis, anaemia, placental insufficiency, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth and medication effects. High level evidence on this topic is lacking.

Effects of system-sanctioned framing on climate awareness and environmental action in the United States and beyond.

Despite growing scientific alarm about anthropogenic climate change, the world is not on track to solve the crisis. Inaction may be partially explained by skepticism about climate change and resistance to proenvironmental policies from people who are motivated to maintain the status quo (i.e.