Impact of switching to long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine on rectal HIV-1 RNA shedding and implications for transmission risk.

Background: The impact of long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) on rectal HIV-1 RNA dynamics and the factors associated with viral shedding remain poorly understood.

Methods: This prospective study evaluated HIV-1 RNA dynamics by analyzing sequential paired plasma and rectal fluid samples from virologically-suppressed individuals who transitioned from oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to every-two-month CAB/RPV (preceded or not by oral lead-in), over a 9-month follow-up period. RPV trough concentrations were measured in 384 rectal samples.

Moderate intensity continuous training, combined moderate-intensity continuous training vs combined high-intensity interval training in adults with hypertension: Randomized controlled trial.

Background And Purpose: Despite all efforts to treat hypertension, it is still responsible for 10.8 million deaths annually. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of continuous moderate-intensity training, strength training combined with continuous moderate-intensity training and strength training combined with high-intensity interval training in adults with high blood pressure.

Long-term effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir/lamivudine in treatment-naive people with HIV: an analysis of a multicentre cohort at 96 weeks.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness, persistence and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine (3TC), compared with the most frequently prescribed first-line treatment regimens, among antiretroviral-naive people with HIV from CoRIS, a multicentre cohort in Spain, in 2018-23.

Methods: We used multivariable regression models to compare viral suppression (VS) (HIV RNA viral load <50 copies/mL), change in CD4 cell counts, persistence and treatment discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs), at 96 (±24) weeks after treatment initiation.

Results: Of 2359 participants, DTG/3TC was prescribed in 472 (20.

No accelerated progression of subclinical atherosclerosis with integrase strand transfer inhibitors compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Background: The role of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) in the cardiovascular risk of people with HIV is controversial.

Objectives: To assess the association of INSTI to subclinical atherosclerosis progression measured with the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).

Methods: Prospective study in virologically suppressed people with HIV receiving INSTI- or NNRTI-based regimens.

Mosquito management strategies in European rice fields: Environmental and public health perspectives.

Rice is a crucial food source and an important economic activity globally. Rice fields provide habitats for birds and other organisms but also serve as ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes, including potential vectors such as Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles. There is an urgent need to manage mosquitoes associated with rice crops, as they are important pests and vectors of diverse pathogens.

Virological History Predicts Non-sustained Viral Suppression with Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Therapy, independent of Pharmacokinetic Parameters.

Background: This study aimed to investigate factors contributing to non-sustained viral suppression, including intermittent viremia and persistent low-level viremia, during cabotegravir (CAB) plus rilpivirine (RPV) long-acting (LA) injectable therapy, with a focus on pharmacokinetics (PK).

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on people with HIV (PWH) transitioning from stable oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to bimonthly CAB+RPV LA. Standardized follow-up included close monitoring through blood sampling for plasma HIV-1 viral load (VL) and multiple plasma drug concentrations measurements to analyze the connection between PK parameters and virologic outcomes.

Early Detection of Cancer and Precancerous Lesions in Persons With HIV Through a Comprehensive Cancer Screening Protocol.

Background: Non-AIDS defining malignancies present a growing challenge for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH), yet tailored interventions for timely cancer diagnosis are lacking. The Spanish IMPAC-Neo protocol was designed to compare two comprehensive cancer screening strategies integrated into routine HIV care. This study reports baseline data on the prevalence and types of precancerous lesions and early-stage cancer among participants at enrolment.

Distinct gut microbiota signatures associated with progression of atherosclerosis in people living with HIV.

Background: The relationship of microbiota composition dynamics and the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in people with HIV (PWH) remains unknown.

Methods: 96-week, prospective, longitudinal study in virologically-suppressed PWH. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurements and stool samples were obtained at baseline, 48-week and 96-week visits.

Long COVID across SARS-CoV-2 variants, lineages, and sublineages.

This prospective study aimed to determine the prevalence of long COVID in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection from March 2020 to July 2022 and assess the impact of different viral lineages. A total of 2,524 patients were followed up for 12 months, with persistent symptoms reported in 35.2% at one month, decreasing thereafter.

Cancer screening in people with HIV: Implementation in clinical practice and barriers perceived by medical specialists in Spain.

Objective: To assess the degree of implementation of cancer screening recommendations in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Spain.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was designed on the strategies used for early detection of the main types of cancer in PLHIV. The survey was distributed electronically to HIV physicians participating in the Spanish CoRIS cohort.

Transmitted drug resistance to antiretroviral drugs in Spain during the period 2019-2021.

To evaluate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI, NNRTI), protease inhibitors (PI), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) in Spain during the period 2019-2021, as well as to evaluate transmitted clinically relevant resistance (TCRR) to antiretroviral drugs. Reverse transcriptase (RT), protease (Pro), and Integrase (IN) sequences from 1824 PLWH (people living with HIV) were studied. To evaluate TDR we investigated the prevalence of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRM).

Cancer screening in people living with HIV.

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in people living with HIV (PWH) and is expected to account for a growing fraction of deaths as PWH age.

Methods: In this literature review, we have compiled the most recent developments in cancer screening and screening performance in PWH, which are currently primarily implemented in well-resourced settings. This includes an assessment of the associated benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness.

Integrating SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ release assay testing in the evaluation of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

The cellular immune response is essential in the protection against severe disease in patients with established SARS-CoV-2 infection. The novelty of this study lies in the evaluation of the overall performance of a standardized assay to measure cellular immune response, the SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 IGRA was shown to accurately classify patients based on disease severity and prognosis, and the study revealed that test performance was not affected by the SARS-CoV-2 variant or control tube results.

Infection Prevention Control Strategies of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Producing .

The spread of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Among these, Carbapenemase-producing New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) poses a significant clinical threat, and appropriate measures must be taken to prevent or limit its penetration into still-free territories. The present report describes two independent cases of patients from Ukraine colonized by NDM-producing and admitted to two separate wards of an acute university hospital in a territory not yet affected by Carbapenemase producers of this class.

The ReadFree tool for the identification of poor readers: a validation study based on a machine learning approach in monolingual and minority-language children.

In this study, we validated the "ReadFree tool", a computerised battery of 12 visual and auditory tasks developed to identify poor readers also in minority-language children (MLC). We tested the task-specific discriminant power on 142 Italian-monolingual participants (8-13 years old) divided into monolingual poor readers (N = 37) and good readers (N = 105) according to standardised Italian reading tests. The performances at the discriminant tasks of the "ReadFree tool" were entered into a classification and regression tree (CART) model to identify monolingual poor and good readers.