Anticancer effects of pomegranate-derived peptide PG2 on CDK2 and miRNA-339-5p-mediated apoptosis via extracellular vesicles in acute leukemia.

Acute leukemia has rapid onset and severe complications. Anticancer peptides from natural sources have demonstrated efficacy in eliminating various cancers through apoptosis signaling pathways. Additionally, extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs play pivotal roles in promoting tumorigenesis.

Menthol induces extracellular vesicle regulation of apoptosis via ATG3 and caspase-3 in acute leukemic cells.

Leukemia is one of the most deadly cancers in Thailand. Natural compounds have been developed for cancer treatment. Menthol, a peppermint compound, has shown pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer activity.

Anti-leukemic effect of menthol, a peppermint compound, on induction of apoptosis and autophagy.

Background: Menthol, a natural compound in peppermint leaves, has several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer properties. This study revealed the anti-leukemic effects and its underlying mechanisms of the menthol related apoptosis signaling pathway and autophagy in both NB4 and Molt-4 leukemic cell lines.

Methods: Both leukemic cells were treated with menthol in various concentration.