Novel all-arthroscopic biceps tenodesis technique incorporated into rotator cuff repair-two hundred cases with minimum 2-year follow-up.

Background: Biceps tendon pathology is a common source of pain in the shoulder. It is frequently seen in conjunction with symptomatic rotator cuff tears. Biceps tendon management during arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs can be achieved via tenodesis with various techniques or tenotomy.

Multi-harmonic near-infrared-ultraviolet dual-comb spectrometer.

Dual-comb spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible would enable broad bandwidth electronic spectroscopy with unprecedented frequency resolution. However, there are significant challenges in generation, detection, and processing of dual-comb data that have restricted its progress in this spectral region. In this work, we leverage robust 1550 nm few-cycle pulses to generate frequency combs in the UV-visible.

Processing speed and executive attention as causes of intelligence.

Individual differences in processing speed and executive attention have both been proposed as explanations for individual differences in cognitive ability, particularly general and fluid intelligence (Engle et al., 1999; Kail & Salthouse, 1994). Both constructs have long intellectual histories in scientific psychology.

Nature and measurement of attention control.

Individual differences in the ability to control attention are correlated with a wide range of important outcomes, from academic achievement and job performance to health behaviors and emotion regulation. Nevertheless, the theoretical nature of attention control as a cognitive construct has been the subject of heated debate, spurred on by psychometric issues that have stymied efforts to reliably measure differences in the ability to control attention. For theory to advance, our measures must improve.

S-acylation regulates the membrane association and activity of Calpain-5.

Calpain-5 (CAPN5) is a member of the calpain family of calcium-activated neutral thiol proteases. CAPN5 is partly membrane associated, despite its lack of a transmembrane domain. Unlike classical calpains, CAPN5 contains a C-terminal C2 domain.

A filter-based Raman spectrometer for non-invasive imaging of atmospheric water vapor.

A new instrument was designed and developed to map the spatial distribution of water vapor concentration in the atmosphere. The high spatial resolution, sensitivity, and accuracy of the instrument enable new studies of the role of turbulence on clouds and aerosols in small-scale laboratory environments. The instrument exploits Raman scattering in a multi-pass laser configuration by using a set of narrow bandpass filters and a pair of charge coupled device imaging cameras in the 90° scattering geometry.

Case Report: An Isolated Abducens Palsy Secondary to Lyme Disease.

Significance: Lyme disease can have widespread and long-lasting systemic implications, and ocular manifestations of Lyme disease may be the only presenting symptoms of infection. As such, eye care providers can play a critical role in facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Purpose: This case report describes an isolated sixth nerve palsy secondary to Lyme disease, which is a rare neuro-ophthalmic presentation.

The visual arrays task: Visual storage capacity or attention control?

Extant literature suggests that performance on visual arrays tasks reflects limited-capacity storage of visual information. However, there is also evidence to suggest that visual arrays task performance reflects individual differences in controlled processing. The purpose of this study is to empirically evaluate the degree to which visual arrays tasks are more closely related to memory storage capacity or measures of attention control.

Improvements in Communication and Coordination of Care in a Hemophilia Treatment Center.

Introduction: In response to the increasing complexity of care for patients with bleeding disorders, we established new clinical teams for our hemophilia treatment center (HTC).

Aims: We undertook a quality improvement project to improve the coordination and communication with our patients by establishing primary assignments of clinical staff to individual patients (primary teams).

Methods: A quality improvement project group was formed that established the goals and assignment of primary teams.

The C2 domain of calpain 5 contributes to enzyme activation and membrane localization.

The enzymatic characteristics of the ubiquitous calpain 5 (CAPN5) remain undescribed despite its high expression in the central nervous system and links to eye development and disease. CAPN5 contains the typical protease core domains but lacks the C terminal penta-EF hand domain of classical calpains, and instead contains a putative C2 domain. This study used the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line stably transfected with CAPN5-3xFLAG variants to assess the potential roles of the CAPN5 C2 domain in Ca regulated enzyme activity and intracellular localization.

Raman spectrometer for high precision temperature sensing of atmospheric gases.

We present a highly accurate Raman spectrometer capable of measuring changes in atmospheric temperature as small as 0.75 K with high spatial and temporal resolution. The spectrometer is based on a laser diode tuned to the resonant absorption line of the isotope near 780.

A toolbox approach to improving the measurement of attention control.

Cognitive tasks that produce reliable and robust effects at the group level often fail to yield reliable and valid individual differences. An ongoing debate among attention researchers is whether conflict resolution mechanisms are task-specific or domain-general, and the lack of correlation between most attention measures seems to favor the view that attention control is not a unitary concept. We have argued that the use of difference scores, particularly in reaction time (RT), is the primary cause of null and conflicting results at the individual differences level, and that methodological issues with existing tasks preclude making strong theoretical conclusions.

Reaction time in differential and developmental research: A review and commentary on the problems and alternatives.

Reaction time is believed to be a good indicator of the speed and efficiency of mental processes and is a ubiquitous variable in the behavioral sciences. Despite this popularity, there are numerous issues associated with using reaction time (RT), specifically in differential and developmental research. Here, we identify and focus on two main problems-unreliability and sensitivity to speed-accuracy interactions.

Aging and the role of attention in associative learning.

In this study, we investigated whether age-related deficits in cue-outcome associative learning (e.g., Mutter, Atchley, & Plumlee, 2012; Mutter, DeCaro, & Plumlee, 2009; Mutter, Haggbloom, Plumlee, & Schirmer, 2006; Mutter & Williams, 2004) might be due to a decline in older adults' ability to modulate attention to relevant and irrelevant cues.

Optimization of mitochondrial isolation techniques for intraspinal transplantation procedures.

Background: Proper mitochondrial function is essential to maintain normal cellular bioenergetics and ionic homeostasis. In instances of severe tissue damage, such as traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, mitochondria become damaged and unregulated leading to cell death. The relatively unexplored field of mitochondrial transplantation following neurotrauma is based on the theory that replacing damaged mitochondria with exogenous respiratory-competent mitochondria can restore overall tissue bioenergetics.

Calpain-5 Expression in the Retina Localizes to Photoreceptor Synapses.

Purpose: We characterize calpain-5 (CAPN5) expression in retinal and neuronal subcellular compartments.

Methods: CAPN5 gene variants were classified using the exome variant server, and RNA-sequencing was used to compare expression of CAPN5 mRNA in the mouse and human retina and in retinoblastoma cells. Expression of CAPN5 protein was ascertained in humans and mice in silico, in mouse retina by immunohistochemistry, and in neuronal cancer cell lines and fractionated central nervous system tissue extracts by Western analysis with eight antibodies targeting different CAPN5 regions.

Calpain 5 is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), carries dual nuclear localization signals, and is associated with nuclear promyelocytic leukemia protein bodies.

Calpain 5 (CAPN5) is a non-classical member of the calpain family. It lacks the EF hand motif characteristic of classical calpains but retains catalytic and Ca(2+) binding domains, and it contains a unique C-terminal domain. TRA-3, an ortholog of CAPN5, has been shown to be involved in necrotic cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Crosstalk between adrenergic and toll-like receptors in human mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes: a recipe for impaired wound healing.

Previous studies demonstrate that skin wounds generate epinephrine (EPI) that can activate local adrenergic receptors (ARs), impairing healing. Bacterially derived activators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) within the wound initiate inflammatory responses and can also impair healing. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that these two pathways crosstalk to one another, using EPI and macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP2) to activate ARs and TLR2, respectively, in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and neonatal keratinocytes (NHKs).

Acute wounding alters the beta2-adrenergic signaling and catecholamine synthetic pathways in keratinocytes.

Keratinocyte migration is critical for wound re-epithelialization. Previous studies showed that epinephrine activates the beta2-adrenergic receptor (B2AR), impairing keratinocyte migration. Here, we investigated the keratinocyte catecholamine synthetic pathway in response to acute trauma.

Long-term outcome of palliation with internal pulmonary artery bands after primary heart transplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term outcome of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who underwent placement of internal pulmonary artery bands as part of a transcatheter palliation procedure followed by primary heart transplantation. Transcatheter palliation included stenting of the ductus arteriosus, decompression of the left atrium by atrial septostomy, and internal pulmonary artery band placement. Cardiac hemodynamics, pulmonary artery architecture, and pulmonary artery growth since transplantation are described.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in infants <32 weeks gestational age: correlation with antenatal factors and postnatal outcomes.

Neurotrophins (NTs) play important roles in brain growth and development. Cord blood (CB) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations increase with gestational age but data regarding postnatal changes are limited. We measured BDNF concentrations after birth in 33 preterm infants <32-wk gestation.

Pediatric heart transplantation after declaration of cardiocirculatory death.

In three infants awaiting orthotopic cardiac transplantation, transplantation was successfully performed with the use of organs from donors who had died from cardiocirculatory causes. The three recipients had blood group O and were in the highest-risk waiting-list category. The mean age of donors was 3.

Targeting sensory axon regeneration in adult spinal cord.

Extensive regeneration of sensory axons into the spinal cord can be achieved experimentally after dorsal root injury, but no effort has been made to target regenerating axons and restore a normal lamina-specific projection pattern. Ectopic axon growth is potentially associated with functional disorders such as chronic pain and autonomic dysreflexia. This study was designed to target regenerating axons to normal synaptic locations in the spinal cord by combining positive and negative guidance molecules.

Mammalian-produced chondroitinase AC mitigates axon inhibition by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are up-regulated following spinal cord injury and are partly responsible for failed regeneration. Experimental paradigms in vivo that degrade chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains with the bacterial enzyme, chondroitinase, greatly enhance the ability of axons to regenerate through the glial scar. Unfortunately, enthusiasm for this treatment paradigm is diminished by the lack of a minimally invasive and sustained delivery method.

Initial transcatheter palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Initial percutaneous transcatheter palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome is now feasible. The primary procedures for palliation include stenting of the ductus arteriosus with a self expanding nitinol stent to secure an adequate systemic blood flow, placement of an internal pulmonary arterial band to protect the pulmonary vascular bed and to prevent pulmonary overcirculation, and widening of the interatrial communication by blade and balloon septostomy or static balloon dilation to decompress the left atrium. Anatomic variations of the ductus arteriosus have important implications for technical success with ductal stenting.