Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction and dementia. Hallervorden and Spatz first described the disease, in 1922 as a form of familial brain degeneration characterized by iron deposition in the brain. Here we present four HSD cases with different clinical pictures.

Bone turnover markers in epileptic patients under chronic valproate therapy.

Background: The effects of chronic valproic acid administration on bone health have been a matter of concern and controversy. In this study, the bone status following valproate intake was assessed by using several bone-related biochemical markers.

Materials And Methods: In this case-control study, 62 epileptic patients and 40 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled.