THz phase-contrast computed tomography based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer using continuous wave source: proof of the concept.

In this study, we propose a THz computed tomography (CT) method based on phase contrast, which retrieves the phase shift information at each data point through a phase modulation technique using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a continuous wave (CW) source. The THz CT is based on first-generation CT, which acquires a set of projections by translational and rotational scans using a thin beam. From the phase-shift projections, we reconstruct a spatial distribution of refractive indices in a cross section of interest.

Small cell carcinoma of the lung exclusively localized within the left descending pulmonary artery.

We encountered a 69-year-old woman displaying a filling defect within the left descending pulmonary artery (PA) on a chest CT scan and pulmonary angiography. A subsequent 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan demonstrated focal uptake in the left hilum. A cytologic examination of transbronchial needle aspiration specimens revealed small cell carcinoma.

[A case of vagus nerve schwannoma in the middle mediastinum presenting with dyspnea].

A 67-year-old woman complaining of dyspnea was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal chest radiography shadow. Computed tomographic (CT) scans as well as magnetic resonance images (MRI) demonstrated a mid-mediastinal mass of 9 cm in diameter, surrounded by the superior vena cava (SVC), the ascending aorta, the azygos vein arch and the trachea at the subaortic level. The left main bronchus was stenotic, probably because of expansion of the tumor, which seemed to be the cause of the dyspnea.

Pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis presenting with an endobronchial lesion.

A 19-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of cough, sputum and low-grade fever. Chest radiograph and computed tomography findings suggested that he was suffering from pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (PLCH). Bronchoscopy revealed a whitish elevated lesion at the bifurcation of the right upper lobe bronchus, and a specimen of this lesion showed the same pathological findings as pulmonary parenchymal lesions.