[A case of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-producing gallbladder adenosquamous carcinoma with rapidly-growing recurrence of liver metastasis in early postoperative period].

An 82-year-old male with a gallbladder mass was diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma through various examinations. Cholecystectomy, gallbladder bed resection, and lymph node dissection were performed. The histological examination revealed a gallbladder adenosquamous carcinoma, and this tumor showed positive staining for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF).

A patient with cystic duct remnant calculus treated by laparoscopic surgery combined with near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography.

Background: The recurrence of symptoms present before cholecystectomy may be caused by a cystic duct remnant. The resolution of cystic duct remnant syndrome may require surgical resection, but identification of the duct remnant during laparoscopic surgery may be difficult because of adhesions following the previous procedure. Open surgery, which is more invasive than laparoscopic surgery, is frequently chosen to avoid bile duct injury.

[A Case of CR Achieved by Chemotherapy for Distant Metastatic Lymph Nodes after Surgery for HER2 Positive Early Gastric Cancer].

The patient was a 72-year-old man who exhibited an abnormal shadow in the stomach in a series of medical check-ups of the upper gastrointestinal in August 20XX. It was diagnosed as gastric cancer(type 1)of the greater curvature of the MU region. Total gastrectomy, D2-11p dissection, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction were performed in October 20XX.

[A Case of Remarkably Effective Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer with Multiple Bone Metastasis].

The patient was a 56-year-oldwoman. She presentedto a nearby doctor with a chief complaint of dysphagia andwas diagnosed with esophageal cancer by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, resulting in a referral to our hospital. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealeda semicircular type 1 lesion 29 to 32 cm from the incisors, andshe was diagnosedwith squamous cell carcinoma by biopsy.

as a potential predictive factor for adverse events associated with platinum-based antitumor agent-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibits antidotal effects on numerous drugs, including platinum-based antineoplastic drugs. Furthermore, () polymorphism is associated with peripheral neuropathy. In the present study, it was determined whether can predict adverse events associated with platinum-based antitumor agent-induced peripheral neuropathy among Japanese patients.

[Treatment Outcome of Intersphincteric Resection in Tokyo Medical University Hospital].

Purpose: This study aimed to consider the oncological validity of intersphincteric resection(hereinafter referred to as ISR) performed at Tokyo Medical University Hospital, as well as associated dysfunction.

Subjects: Subjects included 73 cases in which ISR was performed at Tokyo Medical University Hospital between November 2004 and January 2016.

Results: The 5- year overall and relapse-free survival rates for cases with Stage 0 to III were 90.

[Surgical Case of Ulcerative Colitis Accompanied with Rectal Cancer Combined with Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery].

A46 -year-old man developed ulcerative colitis at the age of 19 years. Although the colitis was medically treated, it relapsed and repeated over time. Periodic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed lower rectal cancer, and he was referred to our department of surgery.

Fibrosis in small syngeneic rat liver grafts because of damaged bone marrow stem cells from chronic alcohol consumption.

A patient with liver failure due to chronic and acute alcohol abuse under consideration for an urgent liver transplant shortly after stopping alcohol may have residual abnormalities that threaten transplant success, particularly for a small graft. To address this, we studied a model in which reduced-size (50%) Lewis rat livers are transplanted into green fluorescence protein transgenic Lewis recipients after they are fed alcohol or a control diet for 5 weeks. Here we show that normal small Lewis grafts transplanted to alcohol-fed Lewis hosts developed fibrosis, whereas no fibrosis was observed in control-fed recipients.

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and levofolinate for T3 or T4 stage II/III rectal cancer: the FACT trial.

Purpose: A multicenter phase II clinical study was performed in patients with T3 or T4 stage II/III rectal cancer to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, levofolinate, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6).

Methods: Patients received four 2-week cycles of mFOLFOX6 therapy (oxaliplatin at 85 mg/m + leucovorin at 200 mg/m + fluorouracil as a 400 mg/m bolus followed by infusion of 2400 mg/m over 46 h, all on Day 1). They were evaluated by computed tomography after completion of the fourth cycle.

[A Case of Advanced Rectal Cancer in Which Combined Prostate Removal and ISR Using the da Vinci Surgical System with Preoperative Chemotherapy Allowed Curative Resection].

A 53-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of dyschezia.Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy confirmed the presence of a type II tumor in the lower part of the rectum, and a biopsy detected a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.As invasion of the prostate and levator muscle of the anus was suspected on diagnostic imaging, surgery was performed after preoperative chemotherapy.

[Examination to Determine Predictive Factors of Effectiveness of Surgical Treatment for Both Pulmonary and Hepatic Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer].

In recent years, several colorectal patients with pulmonary and hepatic metastasis, if resectable, have been found to experience long-term survival. In the present study, we extracted predictive factors, selected patients for whom a good prognosis could be anticipated, and examined the indications for surgery. From January 1986 to December 2014, we conducted a multivariate analysis of 18 patients who underwent surgical resection for pulmonary and hepatic metastases, with overall survival(OS)as the dependent variable, and clinicopathological factors as explanatory variables.

Successful laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal schwannoma arising from the femoral nerve: A case report.

We report on a 45-year-old man who presented with pain in the left leg, which he had had for 2 months. A contrast-enhanced CT scan displayed a 25-mm tumor in the lateral side of the left psoas muscle. For this suspected retroperitoneal tumor, we performed laparoscopic resection of the tumor, which was encapsulated by the funicular femoral nerve, using surgical scissors rather than a surgical energy device and preserved the normal fascicles wherever possible.

Promotion of Expansion and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Interleukin-27 into Myeloid Progenitors to Control Infection in Emergency Myelopoiesis.

Emergency myelopoiesis is inflammation-induced hematopoiesis to replenish myeloid cells in the periphery, which is critical to control the infection with pathogens. Previously, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ were demonstrated to play a critical role in the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid progenitors, leading to production of mature myeloid cells, although their inhibitory effects on hematopoiesis were also reported. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of emergency myelopoiesis during infection remains incompletely understood.

[Two case reports with hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer treated with radiofrequency ablation, raising the possibility of local control in the liver].

Only hepatic metastasectomy has been shown to have a therapeutic effect for hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer if the primary tumor can be removed radically according to the 2014 guidelines of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. However, only a few patients with hepatic metastases are candidates for metastasectomy due to tumor factors other than the hepatic metastases. Furthermore, hepatic metastasectomy is frequently judged to be impossible in older patients due to underlying diseases and surgical tolerability.

[Evaluated cases of M1a (non-regional) and recurrent lymph node metastases obtained long-term survival by additional local treatment].

According to the 2014 guidelines for the treatment of Stage IV colorectal cancer, surgical therapy is recommended if R0 resection is possible by resecting both distant metastases and the primary tumor. However, there was no clear evidence regarding the treatment of non-regional lymph node metastases and recurrent lymph node metastases. Thus, we evaluated cases of non-regional lymph node metastases and recurrent lymph node metastases at our hospital from 2005 to the present date.

Complete laparoscopic resection of the rectum using natural orifice specimen extraction.

Aim: To investigate how complete laparoscopic anterior resection with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE), as a novel minimally invasive surgery, compares to conventional laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: Twenty patients who underwent complete laparoscopic anterior resection with NOSE and 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic assisted anterior resection by the conventional method between 2011 and 2012 were studied. Selection for complete laparoscopic anterior resection with NOSE was decided on the basis of tumor size, localization of the tumor, and body mass index.

Interleukin-6 is an important mediator for mitochondrial DNA repair after alcoholic liver injury in mice.

Unlabelled: We investigated the hypothesis that a prominent effect of chronic ethanol consumption is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) injury and compared this injury in IL-6 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Ethanol feeding for 4 weeks resulted in steatosis and oxidative mtDNA damage (8-OHdG) in both IL-6KO and WT mice. However, the WT mice were able to repair the injury by increased production of mtDNA repair enzymes (OGG-1, Neil 1) and check point (p21, p53) proteins and avoid the mtDNA mutations.

Oxaliplatin for metastatic colon cancer in a patient with renal failure.

Objective: Oxaliplatin, a key part of the standard regimen for colorectal cancer in Western countries, has become available in Japan. In a hemodialysis patient with cecal cancer, we investigated the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and dialysability of oxaliplatin.

Methods: A 65-year-old man who had cecal cancer was treated with oxaliplatin (40 mg/m(2)) and l-leucovorin(l-LV) (200 mg/m(2)), which were administered simultaneously over 120 min via the side and main arms of a Y-tube, respectively.

[CR of rectal cancer and synchronous liver and lung metastases obtained with TS-1 plus CPT-11 combination therapy--case report].

The patient was a 44-year-old male in whom low anterior resection of the rectum, partial pneumonectomy, and liver biopsy were performed because of suspicion of synchronous liver and pulmonary metastases of rectal cancer which caused familial adenomatous polyposis. Because anticancer drug sensitivity testing by the HDRA method performed on tissue collected from the cancer immediately postoperatively revealed sensitivity to 5-FU and CPT-11, and measurement of nucleic acid metabolizing enzymes showed a high level of DPD, a 5-FU metabolizing enzyme, combination therapy with TS-1 and CPT-11 was started. TS-1, 120 mg/body, was administered on 14 consecutive days followed by a 7-day rest period, and CPT-11, 120 mg/body, was administered on day 1 and day 8.

Detection and evaluation of epithelial cells in the blood of colon cancer patients using RT-PCR.

Background: As a mode of colorectal cancer recurrence, liver metastasis plays an important role. One of the factors reported to predict liver metastasis is the detection of trace amounts of tumor cells in the blood. For this purpose, cancer cell-induced cytokeratins (CKs) are generally identified, using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Etodolac, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, inhibits liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via the suppression of MMP-9 activity.

Synchronous or metachronous liver metastasis occurs in approximately 15% of colorectal cancer patients and is an important negative prognostic factor. We therefore need an effective therapy to prevent metastasis. It has become apparent that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays an important role in cancer growth, invasion and metastasis and that there is potential for chemoprevention via inhibition of these processes.

Synergistic antitumor effect by coexpression of chemokine CCL21/SLC and costimulatory molecule LIGHT.

To establish a more efficient treatment for immunotherapy against solid tumors, we have evaluated the antitumor effect by coexpression of a chemokine CCL21/secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine and a costimulatory molecule LIGHT in colon carcinoma C26. C26 cells expressing either CCL21 or LIGHT exhibited a significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo, and mice inoculated with these cells showed a prolonged survival, but eventually all these mice died. In contrast, C26 cells expressing both CCL21 and LIGHT exhibited a minimal tumor growth in vivo, and all these mice survived healthily with a tumor remission and consequently acquired a strong protective immunity.

Potent antitumor activity of interleukin-27.

Although much promising data that interleukin (IL)-12 could be a powerful therapeutic agent against cancer were reported in animal models, its excessive toxicity has become a problem for its clinical application. IL-27 is a novel IL-12 family member that plays a role in the early regulation of T helper cell 1 initiation, including induction of T-bet and IL-12 receptor beta 2 expression. In the present study, we have evaluated the antitumor activity of IL-27 against a murine tumor model of colon carcinoma C26.

Positive modulation of IL-12 signaling by sphingosine kinase 2 associating with the IL-12 receptor beta 1 cytoplasmic region.

IL-12 is a key immunoregulatory cytokine that promotes Th1 differentiation and cell-mediated immune responses. IL-12 stimulation results in the activation of Janus kinase 2 and tyrosine kinase 2 and, subsequently, STAT4 and STAT3. In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways have been recently demonstrated to be activated by IL-12 and play an important role in IL-12 signaling.