Usability of Optical Mark Reader Sheet as an Answering Tool in Testing.

The research result on usability of Optical Mark Reader Sheet (OMRS) being used as the standard answering tool is reported. The use of OMRS significantly requires more answer time than the answer time without OMRS, and the use of assistive devices for OMRS has the possibility to reduce the answer time.

Advantages of Unstable Manual Wheelchair.

In this study, many test runs were conducted using experimental manual wheelchair on various floor surface conditions. In the result, operability of manual wheelchair would be improved by shifting the position of drive wheels forward.

Efficiency and Rolling Resistance in Manual Wheelchair Propulsion.

The efficiency and the rolling resistance in wheelchair propulsion play an important role in the comfort and the health of wheelchair users in daily life. Here we identify these fundamental interactions of wheelchair-user system on treadmill and on track. We measured the oxygen uptake (input) and the propelling torque (output) as the parameters with velocity and tire pressure.

Effect of Tire Pressure to Physical Workload at Operating a Manual Wheelchair.

It is often experienced that low tire pressure of the wheelchair not only increases running resistance, but also reduces parking brake performance. In this study, the required driving forces for different tire pressures were experimentally measured and evaluated. It was indicated from the result that the wheelchair with proper tire pressure could be run with less workload of wheelchair-user.

Biomechanics and Physiology for Propelling Wheelchair Uphill Slope.

A vertical slope of sidewalks significantly inhibits to the mobility of manual wheelchair users in their daily life. International guidelines of the vertical slope are specified approximately 4% or 5% (1:20) gradient or less as preferred, and allow 8.3% (1:12) as its maximum when it is impossible.

Usability of PDF based Digital Textbooks to the Physically Disabled University Student.

Digital textbooks have been expected for providing multimedia information that the print textbooks could not handle. The original digital textbook can be fabricated relatively easily by using Epub or DAISY. Print textbooks are, however, employed as textbooks in the most of lectures in universities.