Clinical phenotype of anaerobic bacteremia unaccompanied by detectable abscess lesion: a 10-year retrospective, multicenter, observational-cohort study.

Purpose: Despite the importance of abscess lesions in clinical decisions regarding anaerobic bacteremia (AB), their impact on clinical characteristics remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the clinical factors associated with AB that were unaccompanied by detectable abscess lesions during the initial phase of infection.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective observational study involving patients with culture-proven AB at six tertiary hospitals in Japan between January 2012 and March 2022.

Development and nationwide validation of kidney graft injury markers using urinary exosomes and microvesicles (complete English translation of the Japanese version).

Background: Non-invasive, prompt, and proper detection tools for kidney graft injuries (KGIs) are awaited to ensure graft longevity. We screened diagnostic biomarkers for KGIs following kidney transplantation using extracellular vesicles (EVs; exosomes and microvesicles) from the urine samples of patients.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven kidney recipients at 11 Japanese institutions were enrolled in this study; urine samples were obtained prior to protocol/episode biopsies.

Corrigendum to "Detecting MUC1 Variants in Patients Clinicopathologically Diagnosed With Having Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease"Kidney International Reports, Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 857-866.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.

Comparison of Humoral Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Donors and Healthy Volunteers Following Second Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine.

Purpose: To investigate the kinetics and durability of anti-spike glycoprotein (S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) after the second dose of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients (recipients) compared with those in kidney donors (donors) and healthy volunteers (HVs) and identify factors negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in recipients.

Methods: We enrolled 378 recipients with no history of COVID-19 and no anti-S-IgG before the first vaccine and who received a second mRNA-based vaccine dose. Antibodies were detected using an immunoassay more than 4 weeks after the second vaccine dose.

Temporary reduction of immunosuppression enhances production of anti-S antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after vaccination in kidney transplant recipients.

Objectives: The study identified factors affecting anti-S immunoglobulin G production after vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: Serum samples were prospectively collected from kidney transplant recipients, live kidney donors, and healthy volunteers 1 month after receiving the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and anti-S immunoglobulin G titers were measured. The mycophenolate mofetil dose was reduced before vaccination in some immunologically low-risk recipients.

Detecting Variants in Patients Clinicopathologically Diagnosed With Having Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD)- is predominantly caused by frameshift mutations owing to a single-base insertion into the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) region in . Because of the complexity of the variant hotspot, identification using short-read sequencers (SRSs) is challenging. Although recent studies have revealed the usefulness of long-read sequencers (LRSs), the prevalence of variants in patients with clinically suspected ADTKD remains unknown.

A comparison of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery versus conventional procedures for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a Japanese multi-institutional retrospective study.

Purpose: Laparoendoscopic single-site donor nephrectomy (LESSDN) is a feasible and effective procedure because of its non-invasiveness and better cosmetic outcomes. However, there have been few multi-institutional studies conducted by multiple surgeons on LESSDN. We retrospectively compared the clinical data and outcomes between LESSDN and conventional laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) at multiple institutes in Japan.

Atrophic bladder in long-term dialysis patients increases the risk for urological complications after kidney transplantation.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk for urological complications after kidney transplantation at a single medical center in Japan.

Methods: In the present study, 408 kidney recipients (255 men, 153 women) were enrolled. There were 349 living and 59 deceased donors.

Extrarenal Nephroblastoma of the Retroperitoneal Space in Children: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Extrarenal nephroblastoma (ERNB) is a rare disease. We report a case of ERNB in a 4-year-old boy complaining of abdominal pain and vomiting. Imaging showed a retroperitoneal mass and left hydronephrosis.

De novo proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits of the IgG1κ subtype in a kidney allograft.

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits (PGNMID) has recently been described in cases with glomerular disease. Only 16 cases of recurrent or de novo PGNMID have been reported in the transplanted kidney. Here we report a case of de novo PGNMID in a renal allograft diagnosed in the early stage by protocol biopsy.

Tacrolimus reduction with everolimus addition for calcineurin inhibitor-induced arteriolopathy in kidney allografts.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tacrolimus (TAC) reduction with everolimus (EVR) addition on the maintenance immunosuppression for the recipients with calcineurin inhibitor arteriolopathy (CNIA).

Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 13 kidney allograft recipients who were found to have CNIA on protocol biopsy specimens. The time of intervention was 9-89 months.

De novo proteinuria with pathological evidence of glomerulonephritis after everolimus induction.

A 68-year-old man who underwent living-unrelated kidney transplantation from his spousal donor was immunosuppressed with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Despite his uneventful clinical course, protocol biopsy at 2 years post transplant showed de novo CNI tubulotoxicity despite low tacrolimus exposure. Everolimus was added in order to discontinue TACER.

Long-term histopathology of allografts in sensitized kidney recipients.

Successful desensitization therapy has brought satisfying short-term outcomes in the recipients with anti-donor antibody. We analyzed the long-term pathology of the allografts in the sensitized kidney recipients. Eleven stable recipients after desensitization against positive flow cytometry T-cell crossmatch (FTXM) were included.

A case of progressive thrombotic microangiopathy after ABO-incompatible renal transplantation.

A 21-yr-old man of blood type O receiving hemodialysis for IgA nephropathy underwent living-related ABO-incompatible (ABOI) renal transplantation from his mother, whose blood type is A. He was negative for flow cross-match, anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody, and anti-MICA antibody. Pre-treatment anti-A IgG titer was 1:256.

A case of pregnancy-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with a kidney allograft recipient.

A 32-yr-old female patient, who had been suffering from diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis and a consequent end-stage renal disease, successfully underwent living-related ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation after a desensitization therapy including anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Forty-six months after the transplantation, the recipient became pregnant. At the 17th gestational week, the patient was admitted for the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension and aggressive deterioration of kidney graft function.

(99m)Tc-DTPA dynamic SPECT and CT volumetry for measuring split renal function in live kidney donors.

Objectives: Split renal function (SRF) estimated from the posterior view of (99m)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid planar scintigraphy (DTPA/P) is not sufficiently accurate even after correction for kidney depth by computed tomography (CT). To obtain more accurate SRF using (99m)Tc-DTPA, dynamic SPECT method was carried out for the initial 5 min after bolus injection of (99m)Tc-DTPA (DTPA/SPECT). Also SRF was evaluated from the renal volume measured by CT.

Successful rescue of late-onset acute T-cell mediated rejection with anti-CD25 antibody: a case report.

Japan A 56-yr-old Japanese male with a history of diabetic nephropathy underwent a HLA 5/6 mismatch and ABO-compatible living-related kidney transplantation (donor: his 49-yr-old wife). A pre-transplant standard NIH complement-dependent cytotoxicity cross-match (Xm) test, a flow-cytometric T-cell Xm, and a FlowPRA test were totally negative. Inductionimmunosuppressive protocol consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, methylprednisolone, and basiliximab (BAS).

Clinicopathologic evaluation of short-term outcome after early corticosteroid discontinuation in kidney transplantation.

Objectives: Steroids have been a gold-standard drug of immunosuppressive regimens in kidney transplantation. Steroid minimization protocols have been applied to minimize the adverse effects of steroids. We have evaluated the short-term outcomes of our early steroid discontinuation regimen.

Pediatric kidney transplantation is safe and available for patients with urological anomalies as well as those with primary renal diseases.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate long-term outcomes of pediatric live kidney transplantation in patients with genitourinary anomalies relative to those with primary kidney diseases. The study included 35 pediatric patients who received a live kidney transplantation during the last 25 yr (28 males, six females). Median age at the time of transplantation was nine yr (range 1-15 yr), and the median follow-up period was 151 months (range 6-239 month).

Functional analysis of JAK3 mutations in transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia accompanying Down syndrome.

JAK3 mutations have been reported in transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) as well as in acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia of Down syndrome (DS-AMKL). However, functional consequences of the JAK3 mutations in TMD patients remain undetermined. To further understand how JAK3 mutations are involved in the development and/or progression of leukaemia in Down syndrome, additional TMD patients and the DS-AMKL cell line MGS were screened for JAK3 mutations, and we examined whether each JAK3 mutation is an activating mutation.

Positive pre-transplant flow-panel reactive antibody detected after accelerated acute rejection with negative pre-transplant flow crossmatch.

A 30-yr-old woman underwent kidney transplantation from a flow cytometric lymphocyte crossmatch-negative donor. Immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, basiliximab and three days of steroid. On day 5 post-transplant, she developed acute rejection and underwent anti-rejection therapy consisting of steroid pulse and deoxyspurgualin.