The Change of Asymptomatic Atlantoaxial Instability With Down Syndrome From Infant to Adolescent in Japanese Population: Minimum 10 Years Follow-Up.

Background: Although 10% to 60% of patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop atlantoaxial instability (AAI), clarifying the course of asymptomatic AAI may prevent unnecessary clinical interactions and investigations. This study investigates the radiographic changes observed in asymptomatic AAI associated with DS in Japanese children as they grow from infancy to adolescence over a minimum of 10 years.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of cervical radiographs acquired from asymptomatic patients with DS in both infancy and adolescence was carried out.

Dandy-Walker malformations with other complex congenital deformities associated with scoliosis: a case series.

Dandy-Walker malformations (DWM) is a rare condition with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 30 000 cases. Although DWM often complicates scoliosis, its prevalence and the time of onset are unknown because only a few reports have described the association between scoliosis and DWM. This case series describes spinal deformity associated with DWM.

The Prevalence of Scoliosis after Fontan Circulation Surgery Followed-Up to Adolescence.

Introduction: The advancement of surgical techniques and perioperative management for congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased life expectancy. The surgical creation of the Fontan circulation maintains pulmonary blood flow without relying on an effective pump from the abnormal heart, relying on peripheral vascular resistance to maintain effective flow through the lungs. Unfortunately, this delicate mechanism is compromised when scoliosis restricts ventilation, leading to Fontan failure and a poor prognosis for life.

RASopathies and spinal deformities for screening of scoliosis.

Background: The RASopathies (Noonan syndrome [NS] and Costello syndrome [CS]) are rare disorders. Although these have been characterized, precise delineation of the differences in the spinal deformities associated with RASopathy has not been described. This study characterized the spinal deformities found in NS and CS and describes a strategy for the screening of scoliosis.

A comparison of three- and two-rod constructs in the correction of severe pediatric scoliosis.

Purpose: Managing severe scoliosis is challenging and risky with a significant complication rate regardless of treatment strategy. In this retrospective comparative study, we report our results using a three-rod compared to two-rod construct in the surgical treatment of severe spine deformities to investigate which technique is safer, and which provides superior radiological outcomes.

Methods: Forty-six consecutive patients undergoing posterior spine fusion for scoliosis between 2006 and 2017 were identified in our institutional records.

Costello syndrome-associated orthopaedic manifestations focussed on kyphoscoliosis: a case series describing the natural course.

Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic condition caused by a heterozygous mutation in the HRAS gene, with an estimated prevalence of 1: 300 000. Individuals with CS present with characteristic features including scoliosis, kyphosis, Chiari 1 malformation, and syringomyelia. The natural history of the spinal deformity associated with CS has been incompletely described.

Peroneal Nerve Palsy Caused by Proximal Fibular Solitary Osteochondroma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Osteochondroma is a relatively common benign tumor of the bone, and compressive neuropathies due to osteochondroma are comparatively rare. Here, we present a rare case of osteochondroma of the fibular head that caused peroneal nerve palsy in an 8-year-old girl. Physical examination revealed 0/5 tibialis anterior, 1/5 extensor hallucis longus, and 1/5 peroneal brevis muscle power-according to the manual muscle testing grading system, as well as numbness on the lateral side of the right leg and the back of the foot.

The Association Between Radiographic and MRI Cervical Spine Parameters in Patients With Down Syndrome.

Introduction Many patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop upper cervical spine instability that may lead to spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the spinal cord compression in MRI and the occipto-cervical instability evident on plain radiographs in a Japanese population. Methods A retrospective analysis of cervical spine radiographs and MRI acquired from patients with DS was performed.

Increased proximal vertebral rotation is associated with shoulder imbalance after posterior spinal fusion for severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: Residual shoulder imbalance is associated with suboptimal outcomes following the surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) including poor patient satisfaction. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the radiographic parameters and the relationship between the global and local indices of spinal alignment with shoulder balance pre- and postoperatively utilizing EOS imaging and 3D reconstruction.

Methods: A retrospective radiographic analysis was performed on patients with AIS, treated with posterior spinal fusion.

Implant-Related Complications Using Uniaxial Implants In Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery.

Introduction:  The successful surgical treatment of paediatric spinal deformity relies on robust anchors to achieve correction. Uniaxial pedicle screws are designed with articulation between the screw head and screw shaft, thus reducing the risk of anchor failure whilst permitting corrective manoeuvres. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, nature, and chronology of implant-related complications in pediatric spinal deformity treated with uniaxial pedicle screws.

The use of three rods in correcting severe scoliosis.

Purpose: The three-rod technique, utilising a short apical concavity rod is an option to achieve controlled correction in severe scoliosis. We describe this technique, the complications encountered, and the long-term outcomes.

Method: All paediatric patients who had at least 2 years follow-up after undergoing corrective surgery for scoliosis ≥ 100° using 3 parallel rods were included.

The Association of Scoliosis and NSD1 Gene Deletion in Sotos Syndrome Patients.

Study Design: A retrospective comparative study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the NSD1 abnormalities in patients diagnosed with Sotos syndrome and its correlation with the presence, severity, and progression of associated scoliosis.

Summary Of Background Data: Scoliosis has been reported in approximately 30% of patients diagnosed with Sotos syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, learning disability, and overgrowth.

Reoperation rate and risk factors of elective spinal surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis: minimum 5-year follow-up.

Background Context: The favorable outcome of surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DS) is widely recognized, but some patients require reoperation because of complications, such as pseudoarthrosis, persistent pain, infection, and progressive degenerative changes. Among these changes, adjacent segmental disease (ASD) and same segmental disease (SSD) are common reasons for reoperation. However, the relative risks of the various factors and their interactions are unclear.