Semi-quantitative evaluation of chest computed tomography for coronavirus disease 2019 in a critical care unit: A case-control study.

The spread of abnormal opacity on chest computed tomography (CT) has been reported as a predictor of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity; however, the relationship between CT findings and prognosis in patients with severe COVID-19 remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of abnormal opacity on chest CT and its association with prognosis in patients with COVID-19 in a critical care medical center, using a simple semi-quantitative method. This single-center case-control study included patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to a critical care center.

Successful bronchial artery embolization using hydrogel coils for hemoptysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

A 58-year-old woman with bronchiectasis presented with massive hemoptysis and severe respiratory failure, which required long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with continuous heparin infusion. Bronchial artery embolization using hydrogel coils, which provide a greater volume occlusion than bare platinum coils, was performed; hemoptysis stopped and she fully recovered. No recanalization was observed on follow-up computed tomography angiography 2 months postbronchial artery embolization, and there had been no recurrence of bleeding at the time of this report (at least 6 months).

Prolonged overall treatment time negatively affects the outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: A propensity score-weighted, single-center analysis.

Previous studies have reported conflicting results for the effect of overall treatment time with stereotactic body radiotherapy on tumor control in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. To examine this effect, we conducted a propensity score-weighted, retrospective, observational study at a single institution. We analyzed the data of 200 patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (48 Gy in 4 fractions) at our institution between January 2007 and October 2013.

Intra-fractional patient setup error during fractionated intracranial stereotactic irradiation treatment of patients wearing medical masks: comparison with and without bite block during COVID-19 pandemic.

The immobilization of patients with a bite block (BB) carries the risk of interpersonal infection, particularly in the context of pandemics such as COVID-19. Here, we compared the intra-fractional patient setup error (intra-SE) with and without a BB during fractionated intracranial stereotactic irradiation (STI). Fifteen patients with brain metastases were immobilized using a BB without a medical mask, while 15 patients were immobilized without using a BB and with a medical mask.

Elective Nodal Irradiation for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Complicated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Affects Immunotherapy Αfter Definitive Chemoradiotherapy.

Background/aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to detect the frequency, reasons, and significant factors for not receiving immunotherapy after chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-four patients with NSCLC received definitive chemoradiotherapy. The endpoint of this study was receiving durvalumab within 45 days after chemoradiotherapy for NSCLC.

Convolutional Neural Network Can Recognize Drug Resistance of Single Cancer Cells.

It is known that single or isolated tumor cells enter cancer patients' circulatory systems. These circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are thought to be an effective tool for diagnosing cancer malignancy. However, handling CTC samples and evaluating CTC sequence analysis results are challenging.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy planning for liver tumors using functional images from dual-energy computed tomography.

Purpose: This study aimed to generate a functional image of the liver using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and a functional-image-based stereotactic body radiation therapy plan to minimize the dose to the volume of the functional liver (V).

Material And Methods: A normalized iodine density (NID) map was generated for fifteen patients with liver tumors. The volume of liver with an NID < 0.

Ro 90-7501 Is a Novel Radiosensitizer for Cervical Cancer Cells that Inhibits ATM Phosphorylation.

Background/aim: Ro 90-7501 has been reported as an inhibitor of the amyloid β42 fibril assembly that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to elucidate the radiosensitizing effects of Ro 90-7501 and focused on ATM signaling after irradiation.

Materials And Methods: Clonogenic survival, apoptosis, and cell-cycle assays as well as western blotting were performed in HeLa cells treated with irradiation and Ro 90-7501.

A Convolutional Neural Network Uses Microscopic Images to Differentiate between Mouse and Human Cell Lines and Their Radioresistant Clones.

: Artificial intelligence (AI) trained with a convolutional neural network (CNN) is a recent technological advancement. Previously, several attempts have been made to train AI using medical images for clinical applications. However, whether AI can distinguish microscopic images of mammalian cells has remained debatable.

The epitranscriptome m6A writer METTL3 promotes chemo- and radioresistance in pancreatic cancer cells.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant epitranscriptome modification in mammalian mRNA. Recent years have seen substantial progress in m6A epitranscriptomics, indicating its crucial roles in the initiation and progression of cancer through regulation of RNA stabilities, mRNA splicing, microRNA processing and mRNA translation. However, by what means m6A is dynamically regulated or written by enzymatic components represented by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and how m6A is significant for each of the numerous genes remain unclear.