Hybrid imaging of prompt x-rays and induced positrons using a pinhole gamma camera during and after irradiation of protons.

. Prompt x-ray imaging using a low-energy x-ray camera is a promising method for observing a proton beam's shape from outside the subject. Furthermore, imaging of positrons produced by nuclear reactions with protons is a possible method for observing the beam shape.

A Feasibility Study on Proton Range Monitoring Using N Peak in Inhomogeneous Targets.

Proton irradiations are highly sensitive to spatial variations, mainly due to their high linear energy transfer (LET) and densely ionizing nature. In realistic clinical applications, the targets of ionizing radiation are inhomogeneous in terms of geometry and chemical composition (i.e.

Proton range monitoring using 13N peak for proton therapy applications.

The Monte Carlo method is employed in this study to simulate the proton irradiation of a water-gel phantom. Positron-emitting radionuclides such as 11C, 15O, and 13N are scored using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System Monte Carlo code package. Previously, it was reported that as a result of 16O(p,2p2n)13N nuclear reaction, whose threshold energy is relatively low (5.

Effects of levocetirizine and diphenhydramine on regional glucose metabolic changes and hemodynamic responses in the human prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks.

Objective: Antihistamines often have sedative side effects. This was the first study to measure regional cerebral glucose (energy) consumption and hemodynamic responses in young adults during cognitive tests after antihistamine administration.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover study, 18 healthy young Japanese men received single doses of levocetirizine 5 mg and diphenhydramine 50 mg at intervals of at least six days.

Glucose Metabolic Changes in the Brain and Muscles of Patients with Nonspecific Neck Pain Treated by Spinal Manipulation Therapy: A [F]FDG PET Study.

. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in brain and muscle glucose metabolism that are not yet known, using positron emission tomography with [F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG PET). .

A simulated car-driving study on the effects of acute administration of levocetirizine, fexofenadine, and diphenhydramine in healthy Japanese volunteers.

Objective: Antihistamines are often used for treating allergic rhinitis. However, many older antihistamines cause sedative side effects. The sedative effects of antihistamines on car-driving have been investigated.

18F-THK5351: A Novel PET Radiotracer for Imaging Neurofibrillary Pathology in Alzheimer Disease.

Unlabelled: Imaging of neurofibrillary pathology in the brain helps in diagnosing dementia, tracking disease progression, and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of antidementia drugs. The radiotracers used in this imaging must be highly sensitive and specific for tau protein fibrils in the human brain. We developed a novel tau PET tracer, (18)F-THK5351, through compound optimization of arylquinoline derivatives.

[(18)F]THK-5117 PET for assessing neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: Visualization of the spatial distribution of neurofibrillary tangles would help in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dementia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical utility of [(18)F]THK-5117 as a highly selective tau imaging radiotracer.

Methods: We initially evaluated in vitro binding of [(3)H]THK-5117 in post-mortem brain tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Evaluation of the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the 18F-labelled amyloid imaging probe [18F]FACT in humans.

Background: The biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the 18F-labelled amyloid imaging probe ([18F] FACT) was investigated in humans.

Methods: Six healthy subjects (three males and three females) were enrolled in this study. An average of 160.

[(11)C]Doxepin binding to histamine H1 receptors in living human brain: reproducibility during attentive waking and circadian rhythm.

Molecular imaging in neuroscience is a new research field that enables visualization of the impact of molecular events on brain structure and function in humans. While magnetic resonance-based imaging techniques can provide complex information at the level of system, positron emission tomography (PET) enables determination of the distribution and density of receptor and enzyme in the human brain. Previous studies using [(11)C]raclopride and [(11)C]FLB457 revealed that the release of neuronal dopamine was increased in human brain by psychostimulants or reward stimuli.

Long-term performance evaluation of positron emission tomography: analysis and proposal of a maintenance protocol for long-term utilization.

Objective: Positron emission tomography (PET) scanners require periodic monitoring in order to maintain scanner performance. The aim of the present study was to examine the deterioration of PET scanner performance caused by aging.

Methods: We retrospectively examined PET scanner performance alterations in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution, false coincidences due to scatter and random coincidences based on 13 years of follow-up data, including data when the PET scanner underwent an overhaul at the 10th year after installation.

Dose dependency of brain histamine H(1) receptor occupancy following oral administration of cetirizine hydrochloride measured using PET with [11C]doxepin.

Aims: The strength of sedation due to antihistamines can be evaluated using positron emission tomography (PET). The purpose of the present study is to measure histamine H(1) receptor (H(1)R) occupancy following oral administration of cetirizine (10 and 20 mg) in order to examine dose dependency.

Methods: Fifteen healthy male volunteers (age range, 20-35 years) were divided into 3 subgroups and were studied following single oral administration of cetirizine at 10 mg (n = 5) and 20 mg (n = 5) or hydroxyzine at 30 mg (n = 5) using PET with 11C-doxepin.

Redistribution of whole-body energy metabolism by exercise: a positron emission tomography study.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate changes in glucose metabolism of skeletal muscles and viscera induced by different workloads using (18)F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) and three-dimensional positron emission tomography (3-D PET).

Methods: Five male volunteers performed ergometer bicycle exercise for 40 min at 40% and 70% of the maximal O(2) consumption (VO(2max)). [(18)F]FDG was injected 10 min later following the exercise task.

Brain histamine H1 receptor occupancy of orally administered antihistamines, bepotastine and diphenhydramine, measured by PET with 11C-doxepin.

What Is Already Known About This Subject: 'Bepotastine besilate' is a novel second-generation antihistamine developed in Japan and its antiallergic effects have already been demonstrated by various studies. However, only a few clinical studies regarding its sedative property are available. In addition, histamine H(1) receptor occupancy (H(1)RO) of this new antihistamine has never been measured by positron emission tomography (PET).

Functional brain mapping of actual car-driving using [18F]FDG-PET.

Aims: This study aims at identifying the brain activation during actual car-driving on the road, and at comparing the results to those of previous studies on simulated car-driving.

Methods: Thirty normal volunteers, aged 20 to 56 years, were divided into three subgroups, active driving, passive driving and control groups, for examination by positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). The active driving subjects (n = 10) drove for 30 minutes on quiet normal roads with a few traffic signals.