Application of Synephrine to Grape Increases Anthocyanin via Production of Hydrogen Peroxide, Not Phytohormones.

Global warming has caused such problems as the poor coloration of grape skin and the decreased production of high-quality berries. We investigated the effect of synephrine (Syn) on anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanin accumulation in cultured grape cells treated with Syn at concentrations of 1 mM or higher showed no significant difference, indicating that the accumulation was concentration-independent.

The Effect of Laser Irradiation to Surfaces of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Fabrication Resin Blocks Coated with a Silane Coupling Agent on Bond Strength between the Resin Blocks and Composite Resin.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of laser irradiation to computer-aided design/computer-aided fabrication (CAD/CAM) resin blocks coated with a silane coupling agent on the bond strength between resin blocks and composite resin. The CAD/CAM resin blocks used in this study were Cerasmart 300 (GC) and Vita Enamic (Vita); they were cut into plates and then subjected to a series of treatments. After processing with a silane coupling agent, treatment with a semiconductor laser was performed at 3.

Toothbrush Abrasion of Restorations Fabricated with Flowable Resin Composites with Different Viscosities In Vitro.

The purpose of this study was to examine toothbrush-induced abrasion of resin composite restorations fabricated with flowable resin composites of different viscosities in vitro. In this study, six types of flowable resin composites with different flowability (Beautifil Flow F02, F02; Beautifil Flow F10, F10; Beautifil Flow Plus F00, P00; Beautifil Flow Plus F03, P03; Beautifil Flow Plus X F00, X00; and Beautifil Flow Plus X F03, X03) were used. For the toothbrush abrasion test, the standard cavity (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) formed on the ceramic block was filled with each flowable resin composite (n = 10) and brushed for up to 40,000 strokes in a suspension containing commercial toothpaste under the conditions of 500 g load, 60 strokes/min, and 30 mm stroke distance.

Dentin bond strengths of all-in-one adhesives combined with different manufacturers' flowable resin composites.

The present study aimed to evaluate the dentin bond strengths of all-in-one adhesives in combination with flowable-resin-composites of different manufacturers. The materials used in this study were two all-in-one adhesives (BeautiBond Multi, BM, and Clearfil Bond SE ONE, SE) and four flowable resin composites (Clearfil Majesty ES Flow, CME; Estelite Flow Quick, EFQ; MI Flow II, MIF; and Beautifil Flow Plus F03, BFP). By combining each all-in-one adhesive and flowable resin composite, eight experimental groups were established.

Amorphous nanoparticles in clays, soils and marine sediments analyzed with a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method.

This paper describes the amounts and size distributions of amorphous nanoparticles in clays, soils and marine sediments, and the effect of amorphous nanoparticles on the properties of clays, soils and marine sediments. So far aluminum-silicate amorphous nanoparticles such as allophane were observed only in soils of volcanic origin with a transmission electron microscope, and thus most people believed that aluminum-silicate amorphous nanoparticles were present only in soils of special origin. Recently, a method has been devised to quantify amorphous nanoparticles by using small angle X-ray scattering intensity.

Pulp tissue reaction to a self-adhesive, resin-based direct pulp capping material containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer filler.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of direct pulp capping using an experimental self-adhesive resin for direct pulp capping (SRD) containing silica and surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler on pulpal healing and to monitor the dentin bridge formation in rat pulp 2-4 weeks after operation.

Methods: Five types of SRDs (SRD-0: S-PRG fillers 0 wt%; SRD-1: S-PRG fillers 9.1 wt%; SRD-2: S-PRG fillers 18.

Effect of various surface treatments on the bond strength of resin luting agent and the surface roughness and surface energy of CAD/CAM materials.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of various surface treatments on the bond strength of a resin luting agent and the surface roughness and surface energy of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. Four types of CAD/CAM blocks (Shofu Block HC: BHC; GC Cerasmart: CER; VITA Enamic: ENA; and Lava Ultimate: LAV) were used. All blocks were randomly divided into eight groups based on the surface treatment as follows: no surface treatment (C), airborne-particle abrasion (AA), hydrofluoric acid etching (HA), silane coupling agent application (SL), AA/SL, HA/SL, AA/HA, and AA/HA/SL.

Quantifying nanoparticles in clays and soils with a small-angle X-ray scattering method.

Clays and soils produce strong small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) because they contain large numbers of nanoparticles, namely allophane and ferrihydrite. These nanoparticles are amorphous and have approximately spherical shape with a size of around 3-10 nm. The weight ratios of these nanoparticles will affect the properties of the clays and soils.

Histopathological findings of an exposed human pulp carbonised by CO laser irradiation: A case report.

This report shows the healing process of an exposed pulp carbonised by CO laser irradiation prior to the application of a capping material. Six intact teeth from four volunteers were irradiated by CO laser and randomly capped with either an adhesive resin (SE bond) (n = 3) or calcium hydroxide-based cement (Dycal) (n = 3). The laser was operated in super-pulsed mode (power output, 0.

Effects of the percentage of air/water in spray on the efficiency of tooth ablation with erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation.

We aimed at examining the effects of a percentage of air/water in spray on the cutting efficiency of Er,Cr:YSGG laser for enamel and dentin. The intensity and frequency of irradiation were 3.0 W and 20 Hz for the enamel surface and 2.

Effects of color lenses on visual evoked magnetic fields following bright light.

Photophobia is a common condition in which bright light causes an unpleasant feeling due to increased sensitivity to light. In addition to discomfort, photophobia may be accompanied by visual dysfunction. The present study was conducted in order to examine whether visual evoked cortical responses contribute to the assessment of visual dysfunction due to bright light.

Effect of filler size and filler loading on wear of experimental flowable resin composites.

The relationship between wear resistance and filler size or filler loading was clarified for the universal resin composite; however, their relationship in flowable resin composites has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of filler size and filler loading on wear of experimental flowable resin composites by using a cyclic loading device. Nine experimental flowable resin composites consisting of three different sizes (70, 200 and 400 nm) and loading (50, 55 and 60 wt%) of filler were prepared.

Histological evaluation of direct pulp capping with all-in-one adhesives in rat teeth.

The aim of this study was to histologically evaluate direct pulp capping using different all-in-one adhesives in rat teeth. Five all-in-one adhesives and a control material (MTA) were used. Each material was applied on the exposed pulp, and each cavity was subsequently restored with the resin composite.

Shear bond strengths of tooth coating materials including the experimental materials contained various amounts of multi-ion releasing fillers and their effects for preventing dentin demineralization.

We examined shear bond strengths (SBSs) of various tooth-coating-materials including the experimental materials to dentin and demineralization resistance of a fractured adhesive surface after the SBS testing. Three resin-type tooth-coating-materials (BC, PRG Barrier Coat; HC, Hybrid Coat II; and SF, Shield force plus) and two glass-ionomer-type tooth-coating-materials (CV, Clinpro XT Varnish; and FJ, Fuji VII) were selected. The experimental PRG Barrier Coat containing 0, 17, and 33 wt% S-PRG filler (BC0, BC17, and BC33, respectively) were developed.

Effect of an experimental adhesive resin containing multi-ion releasing fillers on direct pulp-capping.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulpal healing and reparative dentin formation after 14 and 28 days in exposed rat pulp directly capped with an experimentally developed all-in-one adhesive containing surface reaction-type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler. The four experimental groups and the control group were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Steel-Dwass post-hoc test to compare the histopathological score. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the histopathological score at 14 and 28 days for each observation item.

In vitro wear of flowable resin composite for posterior restorations.

The purpose of this study was to examine three- and two-body wear values of flowable resin composites for posterior restorations, using a mechanical loading device. The cavities prepared on flattened extracted molars were restored with flowable resin composites (Clearfil Majesty LV: MLV, Estelite Flow Quick: EFQ, Beautifil Flow Plus F00: BFP, and MI Fill: MIF) using accompanying adhesive systems. A universal resin composite (Clearfil Majesty) was used as a control.

Bond strength of composite resin to enamel and dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser.

We aimed to examine the effect of various adhesive systems on the bond strength of composite resin to enamel or dentin prepared with erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. Each laser-cut enamel or dentin surface was treated with a bonding agent (SBB, Group 1); self-etching primer (SBP) and SBB (Group 2 and control); phosphoric-acid (KET), SBP and SBB (Group 3); KET, sodium-hypochlorite (ADG), SBP and SBB (Group 4); all-in-one adhesive (TSB, Group 5); or KET, ADG and TSB (Group 6). The control group was only polished with wet silicon carbide papers.

The effect of multi-ion releasing filler contents on the dentin bond strength of an adhesive resin developed for direct pulp-capping.

We aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of experimentally developed all-in-one adhesives containing surface reaction-type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler as a direct pulp-capping agent. Flattened dentin surfaces of extracted human molars were treated with four experimental adhesives of different S-PRG filler content (group 1: 0 wt%, group 2: 13 wt%, group 3: 27 wt% and group 4: 40 wt%) and Fluorobond Shakeone as the control. The beam samples were made and attached to the testing device, placed onto the tabletop-material-tester, and subjected to µTBS test.

Histological evaluation of direct pulp capping of rat pulp with experimentally developed low-viscosity adhesives containing reparative dentin-promoting agents.

Objectives: This study examines the wound healing process in exposed rat pulp when capped with experimental adhesive resin systems.

Methods: Experimental adhesive resin system for direct pulp capping was composed of primer-I (PI), -II (PII), and -III (PIII) and an experimental bonding agent (EBA). PI was Clearfil(®) SE Bond(®)/Primer (CSP) containing 5.

Effects of refractive errors on visual evoked magnetic fields.

Background: The latency and amplitude of visual evoked cortical responses are known to be affected by refractive states, suggesting that they may be used as an objective index of refractive errors. In order to establish an easy and reliable method for this purpose, we herein examined the effects of refractive errors on visual evoked magnetic fields (VEFs).

Methods: Binocular VEFs following the presentation of a simple grating of 0.

Molecular basis of a shattering resistance boosting global dissemination of soybean.

Pod dehiscence (shattering) is essential for the propagation of wild plant species bearing seeds in pods but is a major cause of yield loss in legume and crucifer crops. Although natural genetic variation in pod dehiscence has been, and will be, useful for plant breeding, little is known about the molecular genetic basis of shattering resistance in crops. Therefore, we performed map-based cloning to unveil a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling pod dehiscence in soybean.

Effect of adrenalectomy on expression and induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 and 1A7 in rats.

Uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A), which catalyzes major phase II reactions, is regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors via nuclear receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Glucocorticoid, one of the adrenocortical hormones, regulates AhR and UGT1A expression. We examined the effects of adrenalectomy on the expression and induction of UGT1A via AhR in the rat liver and small intestine.

Identification and association study with lung cancer for novel insertion polymorphisms of human endogenous retrovirus.

Sequences of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are members of the long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon family. Although the expression of HERV has long been a topic of investigation, HERV-insertion polymorphisms are not well known, and a genetic association between HERV-insertion polymorphisms and cancer has never been reported. To identify novel HERV loci in the genome from cancer tissues, we carried out the inverse PCR method targeting a conserved LTR region of HML-2, which is the most recently acquired HERV group.

Effects of spatial frequency on visual evoked magnetic fields.

Psychophysical and visual evoked potential (VEP) studies have shown that spatial frequency of a visual stimulus affects contrast sensitivity and VEPs in humans. However, it is not clear whether and how the effect of spatial frequency varies among cortical areas. Considering that all visual inputs to the retina could be expressed as a sum of sinusoidal gratings of different spatial frequencies, the effect of spatial frequency must be clarified to separate the brain activity specific to each visual stimulus.