Comparative Effectiveness of Decision Aids for Cancer-Screening Decision Making: An Overview of Reviews.

Background: Decision aids (DAs), compared to no DAs, help improve the key aspects of shared decision-making, including increased knowledge, discussion frequency, and reduction in decisional conflict. However, systematic reviews have reported varied conclusions on screening uptake, and which DAs are superior to alternative forms in shared decision-making for cancer screening has not been comprehensively reviewed.

Methods: An overview of systematic reviews was performed.

Radiographic and endoscopic screening to reduce gastric cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous systematic reviews naïvely combined biased effects of screening radiography or endoscopy observed in studies with various designs. We aimed to synthesize currently available comparative data on gastric cancer mortality in healthy, asymptomatic adults by explicitly classifying the screening effects through study designs and types of intervention effects.

Methods: We searched multiple databases through October 31, 2022 for this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Post-discharge clinical, laboratory and radiographic features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at university hospitals in Japan.

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected nearly half million people in Japan. However, information on the prolonged symptoms as well as laboratory and radiographic findings after hospital discharge remains limited.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the symptoms, laboratory test results, and chest imaging results of COVID-19 patients at the time of the hospital admission and the ambulatory visits after discharge at two university hospitals between July and December 2020.

mTOR- and LARP1-dependent regulation of TOP mRNA poly(A) tail and ribosome loading.

Translation of 5' terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) mRNAs encoding the protein synthesis machinery is strictly regulated by an amino-acid-sensing mTOR pathway. However, its regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TOP mRNA translation positively correlates with its poly(A) tail length under mTOR active/amino-acid-rich conditions, suggesting that TOP mRNAs are post-transcriptionally controlled by poly(A) tail-length regulation.

Effectiveness of decision aids on cancer-screening decision-making: an umbrella review protocol.

Introduction: Although systematic reviews have shown how decision aids about cancer-related clinical decisions improve selection of key options and shared decision-making, whether or not particular decision aids, defined by their specific presentation formats, delivery methods and other attributes, can perform better than others in the context of cancer-screening decisions is uncertain. Therefore, we planned an overview to address this issue by using standard umbrella review methods to repurpose existing systematic reviews and their component comparative studies.

Methods And Analysis: We will search PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects from inception through 31 December 2021 with no language restriction and perform full-text evaluation of potentially relevant articles.

Delayed Injection Site Reaction After mRNA-1273 Vaccination in Japan: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study.

The incidence of delayed injection site reaction after the first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine was 12.5% among females and 1.5% among males in a cohort of primarily elderly Japanese.

Diagnostic accuracy of LAMP versus PCR over the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has been validated to diagnose several viral infections. However, its diagnostic accuracy in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in real-life clinical settings remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP compared to reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) over the disease course of COVID-19.

A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial of Early versus Late Favipiravir Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.

Favipiravir is an oral broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is approved for treatment of influenza in Japan. We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19 at 25 hospitals across Japan. Eligible patients were adolescents and adults admitted with COVID-19 who were asymptomatic or mildly ill and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.