Sivelestat sodium hydrate reduces radiation-induced lung injury in mice by inhibiting neutrophil elastase.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor, mitigates radiation-induced lung injury in mice. C57BL/6J mice were administered a dose of 20 Gy to the bilateral whole lungs. Sivelestat was administered immediately before and 1 h after irradiation in group RE2, and immediately before and 1, 3 and 6 h after irradiation in group RE4.

Bevacizumab treatment for symptomatic radiation necrosis diagnosed by amino acid PET.

Bevacizumab is effective in treating radiation necrosis; however, radiation necrosis was not definitively diagnosed in most previous reports. Here we used amino acid positron emission tomography to diagnose radiation necrosis for the application of bevacizumab in treating progressive radiation necrosis. Lesion/normal tissue ratios of <2.

Appropriate evaluation of and risk factors for radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients receiving hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery.

Background: In grading radiation-induced dermatitis (RID), there are not only inter-evaluator differences but also intra-evaluator variations. We retrospectively analyzed the advantages of establishing a more precise evaluation method using photographs to minimize intra-evaluator variations and RID risk factors.

Methods: We analyzed 301 breasts, including those of 3 patients with bilateral breast cancer who underwent hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (WBI) after breast-conserving surgery.

Extra-nodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal-type, treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

The present study reports on a case of extra-nodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal-type (ENKL), stage IIEA, in a 50-year-old woman who presented with a white tumor on a refractory ulcer on the gum. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was administered, and effected a partial response. However, tumor recurrence was observed 5 months after the final diagnosis, and the patient succumbed 1 month after recurrence.

Boron neutron capture therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

We evaluate the clinical results of a form of tumor selective particle radiation known as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (NDGB) patients, especially in combination with X-ray treatment (XRT). Between 2002 and 2006, we treated 21 patients of NDGB with BNCT utilizing sodium borocaptate and boronophenylalanine simultaneously. The first 10 were treated with only BNCT (protocol 1), and the last 11 were treated with BNCT followed by XRT of 20 to 30 Gy (protocol 2) to reduce the possibility of local tumor recurrence.

Patients' subjective evaluation of early and late sequelae in patients with breast cancer irradiated with short fractionation for breast conservation therapy: comparison with conventional fractionation.

Background: To compare the frequency of "subjective" complications and their severity between conventional and short fractionation and to analyze the differences between the two groups.

Methods: Data from 350 patients with breast cancer who received breast conservation therapy between 1992 and 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred and ninety-six patients and 154 patients received 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 35 days (group C) and 44 Gy in 16 fractions over 22 days (group S), respectively.

Effects of sivelestat sodium hydrate on the reduction of radiation pneumonitis.

In this study, we irradiated the murine lung and analyzed the inhibitory effects of sivelestat sodium hydrate, a neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor, on lung injury in mice. Sivelestat sodium hydrate (3 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection immediately, 3, 6, and 12 h after irradiation in groups RE-0, RE-3, RE-6, and RE-12, respectively. A control group and a group receiving radiation without sivelestat (group R) were also used.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for multiple metastatic brain tumors: effects of the number of target tumors on exposure dose in normal brain tissues.

Background: This study was carried out to clarify the practical limit of the number of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)-targeted tumors based on the irradiation dose of normal brain tissues.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with multiple brain metastases who received SRS from October 1998 to May 2002 were enrolled in the study. In each patient, the treatment options were thoroughly studied before deciding upon a course of treatment.

[A case of effective bisphosphonate therapy for bone metastasis from breast cancer with multiorganic metastases].

A 50-year-old woman with a past history of breast cancer was referred to our department of radiology for detailed examination after abnormal shadows on chest x-ray were detected following a routine medical examination. After lung biopsy via thoracotomy, segmental resection of the lung was performed and mediastinal lymph nodes were dissected. A histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer with lung metastasis and mediastinal lymph-node metastases was made.