The active site structure of nitrided and oxynitrided graphite as a cathode catalyst in a fuel cell.

The first-principles studies were performed for the modified graphites with various edge conformations, which revealed that the NH edge facilitates easy transfer of an electron into the adsorbed O(2).

Development of micromarkers with various photoluminescence colors as tracers for shadowing pursuits.

Micromarkers with five photoluminescence colors were developed as tracers for shadowing pursuits. The markers are colorless powders with particle diameters of several tens to several hundreds of micrometers, prepared using a cryogenic sample crusher. They were visualized using red, green, yellow, magenta or cyan photoluminescence under ultraviolet light at approximately 365 nm.

Density functional theory of water-gas shift reaction on molybdenum carbide.

The density functional theory (DFT) of the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction over molybdenum carbide was studied with the aim of understanding the dissociation of H(2)O, the OH group, and CO to determine on what sections of molybdenum carbide CO(2) and H(2) formed and whether they played a role in the reaction. The energy diagram of each elementary step, the reaction of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms with CO, and the transition state for this elementary step were also studied. The IR spectra of the CO adsorption was experimentally analyzed for the identification of several candidates of the CO adsorption modes.

Rapid discrimination of fatty acid composition in fats and oils by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Fatty acids in 42 types of saponified vegetable and animal oils were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the development of their rapid discrimination. The compositions were compared with those analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a more conventional method used in the discrimination of fats and oils. Fatty acids extracted with 2-propanol were-detected as deprotonated molecular ions ([M-H]-) in the ESI-MS spectra of the negative-ion mode.

Highly resolved luminescence measurements for traces of 1,3-dibetanato europium(III) and terbium(III) complexes using a microscope laser Raman spectrometer toward the forensic discrimination.

The emission spectra of luminescent trivalent europium (Eu3+) and terbium (Tb3+) complexes were measured using a microscope laser Raman spectrometer with a doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) and an Ar laser (488 nm). Excitation at 532 and 488 nm corresponded to wavelengths of the 7F1 --> 5D1 band of Eu3+ and the 7F6 --> 5D4 band of Tb3+, respectively. The Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes were discriminated by high-resolution emission spectra more distinctly and sensitively than by fluorescence spectrometry, the usual analytical method.

Development of fluorescent markers using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with vaseline.

Identifiable fluorescent markers were developed as tracers to tail suspects using phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, perylene, and coronene in vaseline. Vaseline was used as a carrier of the marker. Of the six compounds in the vaseline, perylene and fluoranthene were readily observed under ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of 365 nm.