The impact of relative hypotension on acute kidney injury progression after cardiac surgery: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Cardiac surgery is performed worldwide, and acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery is a risk factor for mortality. However, the optimal blood pressure target to prevent AKI after cardiac surgery remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether relative hypotension and other hemodynamic parameters after cardiac surgery are associated with subsequent AKI progression.

The Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Basic to Clinical Studies.

Case reports from as early as the 1970s have shown that intravenous injection of even a small dose of volatile anesthetics result in fatal lung injury. Direct contact between volatile anesthetics and pulmonary vasculature triggers chemical damage in the vessel walls. A wide variety of factors are involved in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI), such as pulmonary endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, platelets, proinflammatory cytokines, and surfactant.

Peripartum myocardial infarction associated with coronary spasm and acquired protein S deficiency: A case report.

Rationale: Coronary angiography (CAG) findings of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in pregnant women are characterized by a high incidence of normal coronary arteries. This is the first report of AMI with normal coronary arteries during pregnancy, showing coronary spasm and pregnancy-related acquired protein S (PS) deficiency.

Patient Concerns: A 30-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to an emergency department.

Desflurane inhalation before ischemia increases ischemia-reperfusion-induced vascular leakage in isolated rabbit lungs.

Background: Isoflurane and sevoflurane protect lungs with ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We examined the influence of desflurane on IR lung injury using isolated rabbit lungs perfused with a physiological salt solution.

Methods: The isolated lungs were divided into three groups: IR, desflurane-treated ischemia-reperfusion (DES-IR), and ventilation/perfusion-continued control (Cont) groups (n = 6 per group).

Preconditioning by Low Dose LPS Prevents Subsequent LPS-Induced Severe Liver Injury via Nrf2 Activation in Mice.

Background: Sepsis is a syndrome triggered by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during bacterial infection. Sepsis sometimes recurs, with the second sepsis giving rise to a different phenotype because of disease modification by the preceding sepsis. Such a protective modification is called a preconditioning (PC) effect.

Rice Bran Dietary Supplementation Improves Neurological Symptoms and Loss of Purkinje Cells in Vitamin E-Deficient Mice.

Background: Vitamin E (VE, α-tocopherol) is a fat-soluble vitamin and is well known as an antioxidant. A deficiency in VE induces oxidative stress in the brain and causes motor and memory dysfunction. The consumption of a VE-rich diet has been given much attention in recent years, in regards to anti-aging and the prevention of age-related neuronal disorders.

Nicotine enhances the malignant potential of human pancreatic cancer cells via activation of atypical protein kinase C.

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy among solid tumors, and the most common risk factor for its development is cigarette smoking. Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isozymes function in cell polarity, proliferation, and survival, and have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. However, the involvement of aPKC in PC progression and the effect of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, on the biological activities of aPKC remain to be fully elucidated.

Estrogen receptor-mediated effect of δ-tocotrienol prevents neurotoxicity and motor deficit in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Neuroprotection following signal transduction has been investigated recently as a strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. While oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of PD, neuroprotection using antioxidants such as α-tocopherol have not been successful. δ-tocotrienol (δT3), a member of the vitamin E family, has received attention because of activities other than its antioxidative effects.

The estrogen receptor β-PI3K/Akt pathway mediates the cytoprotective effects of tocotrienol in a cellular Parkinson's disease model.

Tocotrienols (T3s) are members of the vitamin E family, have antioxidant properties, and are promising candidates for neuroprotection in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether their antioxidant capacities are required for their cytoprotective activity remains unclear. In this regard, the antioxidant-independent cytoprotective activity of T3s has received considerable attention.

[Multiple cerebral infarction by air embolism associated with remarkable low BIS value during lung segmentectomy with video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) technique: a case report].

A 64-year-old woman (151 cm, 43 kg) with well controlled hypertension was diagnosed as having right lung cancer at S8 segment. She underwent right S8 segmentectomy by video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) under general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia. Her vital signs were stable and BIS value was around 45 before the surgeon injected the air using a syringe with a 22 G needle to confirm the lesion resected.