Constitutive chemical defense mechanism of inner bark of Sorbus commixta against Trametes versicolor.

Tree bark is a crucial tissue that defends tree stems from invasions by microorganisms. However, our understanding of the constitutive chemical defense mechanisms of the tree barks remains limited. Our group recently discovered that the inner bark of Sorbus commixta exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the growth of the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity in sheep induced by synthetic peptides of bovine leukemia virus encapsulated in mannan-coated liposome.

Four sheep were immunized with synthesized peptides, derived from bovine leukemia virus (BLV) envelope glycoprotein, encapsulated in mannan coated liposomes as adjuvant. On the seventh day after the immunization, the sheep were intradermally challenged with BLV antigen, or synthesized peptides. The areas challenged with antigen were increased skin thickness and biopsied sequentially for immunohistological examinations.