Increased level of serum leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Currently, no useful serum markers exist for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), making early detection challenging as diagnosis relies solely on imaging tests. Radiation exposure is also a concern due to multiple required CT examinations during treatment. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histological types include ccRCC and non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC); however, treatment response to medications varies which necessitates accurate differentiation between the two.

Summary of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Penile Cancer 2021 by the Japanese Urological Association.

Penile cancer is a rare cancer for which no medical guidelines have been established before in Japan. These guidelines aim to standardize, as much as possible, the therapeutic modality for penile cancer, for which empirical evidence is limited on a global scale, thereby bolstering therapeutic outcomes for patients with penile cancer. The new guidelines conform to the Minds Guide for Developing Clinical Practice Guidelines (2017) as much as possible.

Efficacy of Pre-operative 18F-FDG PET/CT in Prognostic Prediction in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: This study analyzed the parameters provided by preoperative F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for prognostic prediction of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Patients And Methods: FDG-PET/CT data from 66 clear cell RCC and 19 non-clear cell RCC cases between January 2015 and October 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. We compared the two groups according to recurrence/metastasis to determine prognosis-influencing factors.

Three-month early change in prostate-specific antigen levels as a predictive marker for overall survival during hormonal therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Objective: To date, there are no useful markers for predicting the prognosis of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). We evaluated the effect of early changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression and overall survival (OS) in mHSPC patients.

Results: In 71 primary mHSPC patients treated with ADT, the median times to CRPC and OS were 15 months and 92 months, respectively.

A case report of nivolumab-induced myasthenia gravis and myositis in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma patient.

We present a 78-year-old male with renal cell carcinoma who developed myasthenia gravis complicated by myositis after nivolumab administration, which was verified by the presence of antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor. The initial symptom was posterior neck pain, and biochemical examination of blood showed elevated levels of hepatic enzymes and creatine phosphokinase. The level of antibody against the acetylcholine receptor increased 4.

Concomitant radiotherapy and transarterial chemoembolization reduce skeletal-related events related to bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with RT alone for the treatment of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: We included in this retrospective study 25 RCC patients (28 bone metastases), who were treated with RT at our institution. Patients were divided into two groups: patients treated with RT alone (monotherapy group; n = 17) and those treated with RT combined with TACE (combined therapy group; n = 11).

Early occlusion control of the intrapericardial inferior vena cava under femoral-femoral extracorporeal circulation using a technique to prevent pulmonary embolism during nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus: two case reports.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension into the inferior vena cava occurs in approximately 5% of cases. Despite such situations, an aggressive surgical approach is recommended. However, intraoperative prevention of pulmonary embolism by a fragmended tumor thrombus is necessary.

[A case of complicated perioperative management of radical nephrectomy in a patient with a drug-eluting stent].

Drug-eluting stents (DES) are commonly used for coronary artery disease and patients with DES require antiplatelet therapy because of the risk of late stent thrombosis. Accordingly problems can occur in the perioperative period due to late thrombosis of a stent after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy before surgery. A 64-year-old man was diagnosed as having a right renal tumor (T1aN0M0) and his performance status was 4.

Prostate-specific antigen induces apoptosis of osteoclast precursors: potential role in osteoblastic bone metastases of prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer is frequently associated with bone metastases with marked osteoblastic changes and low osteoclastic activity but its mechanism is not well understood. We previously reported that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) stimulated the proliferation and the activation of osteoblasts. In this study, we investigated the effect of PSA on osteoclastogenesis.

Blockade of paracrine supply of insulin-like growth factors using neutralizing antibodies suppresses the liver metastasis of human colorectal cancers.

Environmental stimuli, such as organ-specific growth factors, can influence the metastatic potential of a tumor. The liver is the main source of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). The importance of IGF signal in hepatic metastasis has been clarified mainly by IGF-I receptor targeting strategies.

Laminin 5 expression protects against anoikis at aerogenous spread and lepidic growth of human lung adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is characterized by frequent aerogenous spread (AE) and advancement along the alveolar wall (BAC growth). To elucidate the mechanism of AE metastasis and BAC growth in human lung adenocarcinoma, we established an in vivo orthotopic animal model and an in vitro culture. Investigation of expression levels of integrins, laminins and Type IV collagens, which are the major regulating molecules for cell attachment and anoikis was carried out and a clear correlation between the expression level of laminin 5 (LN5) and the BAC growth was observed using an orthotopic animal model.

Growth inhibition of human prostate cancer cells in human adult bone implanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice by a ligand-specific antibody to human insulin-like growth factors.

Advanced prostate cancer frequently involves the bone that has the largest content of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). However, the role of bone-derived IGFs in bone metastasis of prostate cancer has not been studied extensively because of the lack of a reliable animal model. Therefore, we investigated whether a novel antibody directed against human IGF-I and IGF-II (KM1468) could inhibit the development of new bone tumors and the progression of established bone tumors in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with human adult bone.

Nuclear beta-catenin accumulation as a prognostic factor in Dukes' D human colorectal cancers.

Beta-catenin is well recognized to play a crucial role as a transcriptional factor during the early step of colorectal carcinogenesis. Some reports concerning the clinical implications of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear beta-catenin accumulation are available, though their results vary. On the other hand, the clinical implication of nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin in Dukes' D colorectal cancers (with distant metastasis) has not been investigated.

Intraosseous growth of human prostate cancer in implanted adult human bone: relationship of prostate cancer cells to osteoclasts in osteoblastic metastatic lesions.

Background: More than 80% of patients with advanced prostate cancer have skeletal involvement, but the biology of bone metastasis is poorly understood. This study investigated the in vivo formation and progression of bone metastases under conditions that resembled the human bone environment as closely as possible.

Methods: Adult human bone fragments were implanted subcutaneously into 120 male NOD/SCID mice.

Matrix metalloproteinase-7 facilitates insulin-like growth factor bioavailability through its proteinase activity on insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3.

Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) secreted by cancer cells has been implicated classically in the basement membrane destruction associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Recent epidemiologic studies have established a correlation between high levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and low levels of IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and relative risk of developing colon, breast, prostate, and lung cancer, which are known to produce MMP-7. In this study, IGFBP-3 was assessed as a candidate for the physiologic substrate of MMP-7.

Influence of hypertension on lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Aim: To clarify the influence of hypertension on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) we examined the relationship between blood pressure, LUTS, and the effect of terazosin on LUTS in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: The subjects were patients who had LUTS and BPH. They were treated with terazosin (1 mg, twice-a-day) for 12 weeks.

Osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor decreases human prostate cancer burden in human adult bone implanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice.

Human prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to bone, where it gives rise to osteoblastic bone metastases with an underlying osteoclastic component and subsequent bone pain. However, the importance of osteoclastogenesis in the development of prostate cancer bone lesions in humans is unclear. Osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and a novel secreted protein, and it is a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation, activation, and survival both in vitro and in vivo.

[Risk factors for duration of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy].

Purpose: In this study, we examined risk factors for duration of incontinence after radical prostatectomy at our hospital.

Materials And Methods: From April 1988 to March 2000, 45 patients with prostate cancer underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy at our hospital. Thirty-eight of 45 patients could be followed up.