Factors involved in maintaining Karnofsky Performance Status (≥ 50%) in glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype patients treated with temozolomide and radiotherapy.

Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) is a widely used scale to assess performance status. KPS ≥ 50% implies that patients can live at home. Therefore, maintaining KPS ≥ 50% is important to improve the quality of life of patients with glioblastoma, whose median survival is less than 2 years.

Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection with Machine Learning and Topological Data Analysis Applied to EEG Time-series in Facial Emotion Oddball Paradigm.

We report a novel approach to dementia neurobiomarker development from EEG time series using topological data analysis (TDA) methodology and machine learning (ML) tools in the 'AI for social good' application domain, with possible following application to home-based point of care diagnostics and cognitive intervention monitoring. We propose a new approach to a digital dementia neurobiomarker for early-onset mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prognosis. We report the best median accuracies in a range of upper 85% linear discriminant analysis (LDA), as well above 90% for linear SVM and deep fully connected neural network classifier models in leave-one-out-subject cross-validation, which presents very encouraging results in a binary healthy cognitive aging versus MCI stages using TDA features applied to brainwave time series patterns captured from a four-channel EEG wearable.

Machine learning approach for early onset dementia neurobiomarker using EEG network topology features.

Introduction: Modern neurotechnology research employing state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms within the so-called "AI for social good" domain contributes to improving the well-being of individuals with a disability. Using digital health technologies, home-based self-diagnostics, or cognitive decline managing approaches with neuro-biomarker feedback may be helpful for older adults to remain independent and improve their wellbeing. We report research results on early-onset dementia neuro-biomarkers to scrutinize cognitive-behavioral intervention management and digital non-pharmacological therapies.

Facilitative interaction networks in experimental microbial community dynamics.

Facilitative interactions between microbial species are ubiquitous in various types of ecosystems on the Earth. Therefore, inferring how entangled webs of interspecific interactions shift through time in microbial ecosystems is an essential step for understanding ecological processes driving microbiome dynamics. By compiling shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of an experimental microbial community, we examined how the architectural features of facilitative interaction networks could change through time.

Word-producing brain: Contribution of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus to word production patterns in spoken language.

Vocabulary is based on semantic knowledge. The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has been considered an essential region for processing semantic knowledge; nonetheless, the association between word production patterns and the structural and functional characteristics of the ATL remains unclear. To examine this, we analyzed over one million words from group conversations among community-dwelling older adults and their multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data.

Administration of spermidine attenuates concanavalin A-induced liver injury.

A previous study revealed that treatment with the anticoagulant heparin attenuated concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury. The administration of spermidine (SPD) increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) levels in the serum. uPA is clinically used for the treatment of some thrombotic diseases such as cerebral infarction.

Discordance of microsatellite instability and mismatch repair immunochemistry occurs depending on the cancer type.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) and deficiency of mismatch repair (dMMR) are key markers for predicting the response of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and screening for Lynch syndrome (LS). This study examined the incidences of and factors associated with the concordance of MSI and MMR in human cancers. A total of 518 formalin-fixed cancer tissues were analyzed for MSI and MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Hydrocephalus in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Caused by a Cyst Formation Similar to Late-Onset Aqueductal Membranous Occlusion: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Cyst formation in the third ventricle and the histopathological findings were rarely reported. We report a similar case of late-onset aqueductal membranous occlusion (LAMO) caused by a thin gliotic cyst and a review of related literature. A 28-year-old woman with enlarged lateral ventricles was referred to our hospital with complaints of headache and dizziness.

Dementia Digital Neuro-biomarker Study from Theta-band EEG Fluctuation Analysis in Facial and Emotional Identification Short-term Memory Oddball Paradigm.

An efficient machine learning (ML) implementation in the so-called 'AI for social good' domain shall contribute to dementia digital neuro-biomarker development for early-onset prognosis of a possible cognitive decline. We report encouraging initial developments of wearable EEG-derived theta-band fluctuations examination and a successive classification embracing a time-series complexity examination with a multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) in the face or emotion video-clip identification short-term oddball memory tasks. We also report findings from a thirty-five elderly volunteer pilot study that EEG responses to instructed to ignore (inhibited) oddball paradigm stimulation results in more informative MFDFA features, leading to better machine learning classification results.

Morphologic Analysis of M2 Macrophage in Glioblastoma: Involvement of Macrophage Extracellular Traps (METs).

Macrophages are classified into two phenotypes, M1 and M2, based on their roles. M2 macrophages suppress inflammation and increase in proportion to the malignancy of brain tumors. Recently, macrophage extracellular traps (METs), which change into a network, have been reported as a unique form of macrophage cell death.

Intracranial phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. A case report and review of literature.

Most osteomalacia-inducing tumors (OITs) are phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). These tumors usually occur in the bone and soft tissues, and intracranial OITs are rare. Therefore, intracranial OIT is difficult to diagnose and treat.

The Dark Side of Social Media: Content Effects on the Relationship Between Materialism and Consumption Behaviors.

This study contributes to the emerging literature on the negative effects over consumption that social media users may develop as a consequence of being engaged on social media platforms. The authors tested materialism's direct and indirect impacts on compulsive, conspicuous, and impulsive buying, adding two novel mediators: attitudes toward social media content (SCM) and social media intensity (SMI). The study uses a convenience sample of 400 Thai social media users analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Crucial importance of length of fatty-acyl chains bound to the sn-2 position of phosphatidylglycerol for growth and photosynthesis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in thylakoid membrane is essential for growth and photosynthesis of photosynthetic organisms. Although the sn-2 position of PG in thylakoid membrane is exclusively esterified with C fatty acids, the functional importance of the C fatty-acyl chains at the sn-2 position has not been clarified. In this study, we chemically synthesized non-metabolizable PG molecules: we introduced linoleic acid (18:2, fatty acid containing 18 carbons with 2 double bonds) and one of the saturated fatty acids with different chain length (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0 and 20:0) by ether linkage to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively.

Chemical-Mediated Microbial Interactions Can Reduce the Effectiveness of Time-Series-Based Inference of Ecological Interaction Networks.

Network-based assessments are important for disentangling complex microbial and microbial-host interactions and can provide the basis for microbial engineering. There is a growing recognition that chemical-mediated interactions are important for the coexistence of microbial species. However, so far, the methods used to infer microbial interactions have been validated with models assuming direct species-species interactions, such as generalized Lotka-Volterra models.

Histology of Cardiac Sarcoidosis with Novel Considerations Arranged upon a Pathologic Basis.

Sarcoidosis is a rare disease of isolated or diffuse granulomatous inflammation. Although any organs can be affected by sarcoidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis is a fatal disorder, and it is crucial to accurately diagnose it to prevent sudden death due to dysrhythmia. Although endomyocardial biopsy is invasive and has limited sensitivity for identifying granulomas, it is the only modality that yields a definitive diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.

Neurotechnology and AI Approach for Early Dementia Onset Biomarker from EEG in Emotional Stimulus Evaluation Task.

We present an efficient utilization of a machine learning (ML) method concentrating on the 'AI for social good' application. We develop a digital dementia biomarker for early-onset dementia forecast. The paper demonstrates encouraging preliminary results of EEG-wearable-based signal analysis and a subsequent classification adopting a signal complexity test of a multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) in emotional faces working memory training and evaluation tasks.

Older Adult Mild Cognitive Impairment Prediction from Multiscale Entropy EEG Patterns in Reminiscent Interior Image Working Memory Paradigm.

We discuss the practical employment of a machine learning (ML) technique within AI for a social good application. We present an application for elderly adult dementia onset prognostication. First, the paper explains our encouraging preliminary study results of EEG responses analysis using a signal complexity measure of multiscale entropy (MSE) in reminiscent interior working memory evaluation tasks.

Visualization of three-dimensional stigmoid body in FFPE and ultrathin sections of mouse.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is abundantly expressed in the neurons of the central nervous system and forms unique intracytoplasmic inclusions of unknown function called 'stigmoid bodies' (STBs). Transmission electron microscopy has revealed that the STBs are aggregates of granules containing cavities with a diameter of 0.5-3 µm.

Primary central nervous system lymphomas with massive intratumoral hemorrhage: Clinical, radiological, pathological, and molecular features of six cases.

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) rarely exhibit intratumoral hemorrhage. The differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) currently includes metastatic carcinomas, melanomas, choriocarcinomas, oligodendrogliomas, and glioblastomas. Here we present the clinical, radiological, pathological, and molecular genetic features of six cases of PCNSL associated with intratumoral hemorrhage.