Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is a viable target for the radical cure of infection in immunocompromised hosts.

Human babesiosis is a global emerging tick-borne disease caused by infection with intra-erythrocytic parasites of the genus . With the rise in human babesiosis cases, the discovery and development of new anti- drugs are essential. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) is a widely present eukaryotic enzyme that phosphorylates lipids to regulate intracellular signaling and trafficking.

Hemophagocytic syndrome in a cat with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

A 10-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired cat presented with depression, anorexia, and tachypnea. A complete blood count revealed moderate regenerative anemia, severe leukopenia, and mild thrombocytopenia. Antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were also detected.

Morphological variations of caudal skeleton between three chicken breeds.

Although fancy caudae are important traits for chicken breeds, factors associated with their morphological diversity are not fully understood. We analyzed the caudal skeleton of the Tosa-jidori, Chabo, and Minohikichabo breeds with wild-type, erect, and rich caudae, respectively. Five of six Tosa-jidori chickens had four caudal vertebrae, whereas all six Chabo and five of six Minohikichabo chickens had five.

Factors contributing to the swimmer puppy syndrome found in Labrador retrievers.

Background: Swimmer puppy syndrome is a disease found in neonatal puppies mainly characterized by the inability to stand, but its direct cause is unknown. Since swimmer puppies were observed infrequently but continuously among the Labrador retriever colony at the Hokkaido Guide Dogs for the Blind Association in Japan, based on their birth record and pedigree, factors related to the onset of swimmer puppy syndrome in Labrador retrievers were examined.

Results: The total number of offspring over seven years was 436, of which 16 were swimmer puppies.

Suppression of Tumor Growth in a Rabbit Hepatic Cancer Model by Boron Neutron Capture Therapy With Liposomal Boron Delivery Systems.

Background/aim: Tumor cell destruction by boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is attributed to the nuclear reaction between B and thermal neutrons. The accumulation of B atoms in tumor cells without affecting adjacent healthy cells is crucial for effective BNCT. We previously reported that several types of liposomal boron delivery systems (BDS) delivered effective numbers of boron atoms to cancer tissues, and showed tumor-growth suppression after thermal neutron irradiation.

Tafenoquine Is a Promising Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Babesiosis.

Due to drug resistance, commonly used anti- drugs have limited efficacy against babesiosis and inflict severe side effects. Tafenoquine (TAF) was approved by the U.S.

Morphological features of the nasal cavities of hawksbill, olive ridley, and black sea turtles: Comparative studies with green, loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles.

We analyzed the internal structure of the nasal cavities of hawksbill, olive ridley and black sea turtles from computed tomography images. The nasal cavities of all three species consisted of a vestibule, nasopharyngeal duct and cavum nasi proprium that included anterodorsal, posterodorsal and anteroventral diverticula, and a small posteroventral salience formed by a fossa of the wall. These findings were similar to those of green and loggerhead sea turtles (Cheloniidae), but differed from those of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelyidae).

Tumor Growth Suppression With Novel Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Using Epirubicin-entrapped Water-in-oil-in-water Emulsion .

Background/aim: A mixture of anticancer agents and iodized poppy seed oil (IPSO) has been widely used for intra-arterial chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the anticancer agents can easily separate from IPSO, so the therapeutic potential is limited. We developed epirubicin-entrapped water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (WOW-Epi) using a double-membrane emulsification technique.

Computed tomographic analysis of internal structures within the nasal cavities of green, loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles.

The morphology of the tetrapod nasal cavity has adapted to the environment in terms of olfaction and respiration. Reports indicate that the internal structure of the nasal cavity of green sea turtles is more complex than that of turtles in general, but whether or not it is similar among sea turtle species remains unknown. The present study aimed to define the internal structures of the nasal cavity of green (Chelonian mydas), loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles using computed tomography.

Intramedullary spinal nephroblastoma in a mixed breed dog.

A 1-year-old male mixed breed dog presented for the evaluation of progressive hindlimb paresis. Neurological examination indicated a spinal cord lesion between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intramedullary spinal cord lesion located at the level of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae.

Comparative histological studies on properties of polysaccharides secreted by vomeronasal glands of eight Laurasiatheria species.

Most mammalian species have a vomeronasal organ that detects specific chemical substances, such as pheromones. Mucous fluid covering the vomeronasal sensory epithelium is secreted by vomeronasal glands, and the properties of these fluids have been suggested to be involved in chemical detection. Histological studies using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue pH 2.

Nasal Cavity of Green Sea Turtles Contains 3 Independent Sensory Epithelia.

The morphological and histological features of the nasal cavity are diverse among animal species, and the nasal cavities of terrestrial and semiaquatic turtles possess 2 regions lined with each different type of sensory epithelium. Sea turtles can inhale both of volatile and water-soluble odorants with high sensitivity, but details of the architectural features and the distribution of the sensory epithelia within the sea turtle nasal cavity remain uncertain. The present study analyzed the nasal cavity of green sea turtles using morphological, computed tomographic, and histological methods.

Three-legged radiographic view for evaluating cranioventral lung region in standing calves with bovine respiratory disease.

This study proposed a novel radiographic positioning in order to image the cranioventral lung region using a portable X-ray unit and digital radiography system. In the novel position, calves were restrained in a chute and a unilateral forelimb was pulled cranially with the contralateral forelimb tied to the chute; the forelimbs were then spread cranio-caudally as in a scissor position (Three-legged view: TL view). In a preliminary study, we applied the TL view for imaging of 14 clinically healthy calves.

MRI of lobar holoprosencephaly in a cat with hypodipsic hypernatraemia.

Case Summary: A 2-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat presented with a history of hypodipsia, recurrent hypernatraemia, pelvic limb ataxia and tremor. The serum arginine vasopressin level was low for the serum osmolality. MRI of the brain revealed a failure of separation of the cerebrum, which manifested as absence of the rostral part of the corpus callosum, fornix and septum pellucidum, thus resulting in a single fused ventricle.

Displacement of the large colon in a horse with enterolithiasis due to changed positions observed by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed for an 18-year-old female pony with enterolithiasis in the prone and supine positions. CT images from the prone position revealed displacement of the large dorsal colon, which contained an enterolith to the ventral side of the abdomen, and those from the supine position revealed displacement to the dorsal side. A high-density material suggestive of a metallic foreign body was also observed in the enterolith core.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings for the initial stage of equine temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in a Thoroughbred foal.

Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is characterized by progressive osseous proliferation of the stylohyoid and petrous temporal bones. Generally, diagnosis is confirmed by guttural pouch endoscopy and skull radiography. In the present case, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in a 6-month-old Thoroughbred foal showing signs of head tilt and unilateral ear droop, consistent with the presence of a vestibular disease and unilateral facial paralysis.

Characteristic findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for severe chronic laminitis in a Thoroughbred horse.

A Thoroughbred horse with severe chronic laminitis of both forelimbs was evaluated on the same day with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Both MRI and CT revealed loss of the dorsal aspect of the cortical bone of the 3rd phalanx and sclerosis. CT reflected the status of the horny layer and bone of the affected feet, while MRI depicted inflammation of the laminar corium, together with tendon edema.

Lissencephaly in a Pekingese.

A 1-year-old neutered male Pekingese was presented for evaluation and further treatment of cluster seizures. The dog had behavioral abnormalities, and a prosencephalic lesion was suspected following neurological examination. The dog showed signs of learning difficulty.

Selective boron delivery by intra-arterial injection of BSH-WOW emulsion in hepatic cancer model for neutron capture therapy.

Objective: Boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) has been used to inhibit the growth of various types of cancers. In this study, we developed a BSH-entrapped water-in-oil-in-water (WOW) emulsion, evaluated it as a selective boron carrier for the possible application of BNCT in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

Methods: We prepared the BSH-entrapped WOW emulsion using double emulsification technique and then evaluated the delivery efficacy by performing biodistribution experiment on VX-2 rabbit hepatic tumour model with comparison to iodized poppy-seed oil mix conventional emulsion.

Influences of Vagotomy on Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice.

Background: How vagotomy affects host responses to gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is unclear.

Materials And Methods: Experiment 1: male Institute of Cancer Research mice (n = 22) were assigned to the I/R or the vago-I/R group. The I/R mice underwent 45-min superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion.

In vivo evaluation of neutron capture therapy effectivity using calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles as Gd-DTPA delivery agent.

Purpose: A more immediate impact for therapeutic approaches of current clinical research efforts is of major interest, which might be obtained by developing a noninvasive radiation dose-escalation strategy, and neutron capture therapy represents one such novel approach. Furthermore, some recent researches on neutron capture therapy have focused on using gadolinium as an alternative or complementary for currently used boron, taking into account several advantages that gadolinium offers. Therefore, in this study, we carried out feasibility evaluation for both single and multiple injections of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent incorporated in calcium phosphate nanoparticles as neutron capture therapy agent.

A comparison of the immunological effects of propofol and isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia in healthy dogs.

Most anesthetics have an immuno-suppressive effect on cellular and neurohumoral immunity, and research shows that total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol has a greater immuno-protective effect than inhalational anesthesia in human medicine. However, in veterinary clinics, these effects remain ambiguous. To clarify the details, we focused on propofol and isoflurane, investigating clinical blood hematology and immunological profiles drawn from healthy dogs under and after two anesthesia techniques.