Post-treatment with JP-1302 protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats.

Ischemia/reperfusion injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury. We previously revealed that pre-treatment with yohimbine or JP-1302 attenuated renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibition of α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of post-treatment with JP-1302 on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Inhibition of α2C-adrenoceptors ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats.

Nephrotoxicity is a major adverse reaction of the anticancer drug, cisplatin. We investigated the renoprotective effects of the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine and selective α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist, JP-1302, in cisplatin-treated Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were given a single intravenous dose of 7.

Effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats.

Increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity during ischaemia and renal venous norepinephrine levels after reperfusion play important roles in the development of ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. In the present study, we examined the effect of isatin, an endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on renal venous norepinephrine levels, superoxide production after reperfusion, and ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury was accomplished by clamping the left renal artery and vein for 45min, followed by reperfusion, 2 weeks after contralateral nephrectomy.

Renoprotective effect of yohimbine on ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through α2C-adrenoceptors in rats.

Excitation of renal sympathetic nervous activity and the resulting increased levels of renal venous norepinephrine play important roles in renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. This study examined the effects of yohimbine, a non-selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on renal venous norepinephrine levels and kidney function in acute kidney injury. Acute ischaemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury was induced in rats by clamping the left renal artery and vein for 45min, followed by reperfusion, 2 weeks after a contralateral nephrectomy.

Fabrication of porous ethyl cellulose microspheres based on the acetone-glycerin-water ternary system: Controlling porosity via the solvent-removal mode.

Porous ethyl cellulose (EC) microspheres were prepared from the acetone-glycerin-water ternary system using an oil/water (O/W)-type emulsion solvent extraction method. The O/ W type emulsion was prepared using acetone dissolved ethyl cellulose as an oil phase and aqueous glycerin as a water phase. The effects of the different solvent extraction modes on the porosity of the microspheres were investigated.

Efficacy of drug screening in forensic autopsy: retrospective investigation of routine toxicological findings.

Toxicological analysis is indispensable in forensic autopsy laboratories, but often depends on the limitations of individual institutions. The present study reviewed routine drug screening data of forensic autopsy cases (n=2996) during an 18.5-year period (January 1996-June 2014) at our institute to examine the efficacy of the procedures and findings in autopsy diagnosis and interpretation.

gamma-Glutamyl PAMAM dendrimer as versatile precursor for dendrimer-based targeting devices.

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are highly branched spherical polymers that have a unique surface of primary amine groups and provide a versatile design for targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals and imaging agents. Acetylation or succinylation of surface amine groups of PAMAM dendrimer derivatives is frequently performed to reduce nonspecific uptake. However, since targeting molecules, drugs/imaging agents, and acylating reagents react with the amine groups on dendrimer, such modification may limit the number of targeting molecules and/or drugs or may result in insufficient charge reduction.

Chinese hamster monomeric carbonyl reductases of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily.

Chinese hamster monomeric carbonyl reductases (CHCRs) belong to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily, which is a family of enzymes that metabolize many endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. We previously cloned three carbonyl reductase cDNAs-Chcr1, Chcr2, and Chcr3. By performing spectrophotometric analyses, we indicated that the enzymes CHCR1, CHCR2, and CHCR3 had similar specificities toward steroids; only CHCR3 did not show any reactivity with prostaglandins (PGs).

Quantitative determination of cyclic polylactic acid oligomers in serum by direct injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer, currently used in pharmaceutical and surgical devices. There is a concern that cyclic polylactic acid (CPLA), which is a by-product of PLA synthesis, may be introduced into the human body as an undesirable contaminant. We carried out a quantitation investigation of the CPLA heptamer (CPLA-7) by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Characterization of linear and cyclic polylactic acids and their solvolysis products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Linear and cyclic polylactic acids (PLAs) were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as part of our ongoing investigation of the hydrolysis mechanism of biodegradable polymers. The condensation oligomers of linear polylactic acid (LPLA) were synthesized by thermal dehydration of L-lactic acid. The trimer and tetramer base polymers of cyclic polylactic acid (CPLA) were obtained by cyclization reactions of lactic acid trimers and tetramers, respectively.