Does delivering chest compressions to patients who are not in cardiac arrest cause unintentional injury? A systematic review.

Background: Chest compressions are life-saving in cardiac arrest but concern by layperson of causing unintentional injury to patients who are not in cardiac arrest may limit provision and therefore delay initiation when required.

Aim: To perform a systematic review of the evidence to identify if; among patients not in cardiac arrest outside of a hospital, does provision of chest compressions from a layperson, compared to no use of chest compressions, worsen outcomes.

Method: We searched Medline (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection (clarivate) and Cinahl (Ebsco).

Resuscitation Attempt and Outcomes in Patients With Asystole Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Importance: Little is known about the epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in patients with asystole in countries where prehospital resuscitation is not withheld or terminated.

Objective: To investigate the secular trends in the patient outcomes and advanced life support (ALS) procedures and evaluate the association of ALS procedures with favorable outcomes among patients with OHCA and asystole.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed data from a nationwide prospective OHCA registry in Japan.

LiNbHO: a new transition-metal oxyhydride with rock-salt-type structure.

Transition-metal oxyhydrides are an emerging class of functional materials; however, the known compounds have mostly been limited to perovskite-type sturctures. Here, we successfully synthesized LiNbHO, the first example of a rock-salt-type transition-metal oxyhydride, using mechanochemical methods. Galvanostatic charge/discharge tests revealed that LiNbHO functions as an electrode for lithium secondary batteries.

Mapping Glasgow Coma scale to AVPU scores among adults in the prehospital setting.

Objective: To develop a translation between the Glasgow Come Scale and the Alert-Verbal-Pain-Unresponsive (AVPU) scale among adults with out-of-hospital emergencies.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of adults (≥18 years) from the 2022 National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Information System with a ground scene encounter with a concurrently documented GCS and AVPU assessment. Using a training partition of 2.

Proton Intercalation into an Open-Tunnel Bronze Phase with Near-Zero Volume Change.

Managing safety and supply-chain risks associated with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an urgent task for sustainable development. Aqueous proton batteries are attractive alternatives to LIBs because using water and protons addresses these two risks. However, most host materials undergo large volume changes upon H intercalation, which induces intraparticle cracking to accelerates parasitic reactions.

Machine Learning-Assisted Survey on Charge Storage of MXenes in Aqueous Electrolytes.

Pseudocapacitance is capable of both high power and energy densities owing to its fast chemical adsorption with substantial charge transfer. 2D transition-metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) are an emerging class of pseudocapacitive electrode materials. However, the factors that dominate the physical and chemical properties of MXenes are intercorrelated with each other, giving rise to challenges in the quantitative assessment of their discriminating importance.

Association of midazolam route of administration and need for recurrent dosing among children with seizures cared for by emergency medical services.

Objective: National guidelines in the United States recommend the intramuscular and intranasal routes for midazolam for the management of seizures in the prehospital setting. We evaluated the association of route of midazolam administration with the use of additional benzodiazepine doses for children with seizures cared for by emergency medical services (EMS).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from a US multiagency EMS dataset for the years 2018-2022, including children transported to the hospital with a clinician impression of seizures, convulsions, or status epilepticus, and who received an initial correct weight-based dose of midazolam (.

Correlation of vital sign centiles with in-hospital outcomes among adults encountered by emergency medical services.

Background: Vital signs are a critical component of the prehospital assessment. Prior work has suggested that vital signs may vary in their distribution by age. These differences in vital signs may have implications on in-hospital outcomes or be utilized within prediction models.

Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and phenotype of post-cardiac arrest brain injury.

Background: Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest have variable severity of primary hypoxic ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Signatures of primary HIBI on brain imaging and electroencephalography (EEG) include diffuse cerebral edema and burst suppression with identical bursts (BSIB). We hypothesize distinct phenotypes of primary HIBI are associated with increasing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration.

Evaluation of Use of Epinephrine and Time to First Dose and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Importance: While epinephrine has been widely used in prehospital resuscitation for pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the benefit and optimal timing of epinephrine administration have not been fully investigated.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between epinephrine administration and patient outcomes and to ascertain whether the timing of epinephrine administration was associated with patient outcomes after pediatric OHCA.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included pediatric patients (<18 years) with OHCA treated by emergency medical services (EMS) from April 2011 to June 2015.

Investigating the local structure of Ti based MXene materials by temperature dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

The local structures of Ti based MXene-type electrode materials have been studied by Ti K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements as a function of temperature to obtain direct information on the local bond lengths and their stiffness. In particular, the parent MAX phases TiAlC and TiAlC and their etched MXene systems are characterized and their properties compared. We find that selective etching has a substantial effect on the local structural properties of the Ti based MXene materials.

Iron Sulfide Na FeS as Positive Electrode Material with High Capacity and Reversibility Derived from Anion-Cation Redox in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

It is desirable for secondary batteries to have high capacities and long lifetimes. This paper reports the use of Na FeS with a specific structure consisting of edge-shared and chained FeS as the host structure and as a high-capacity active electrode material. An all-solid-state sodium cell that uses Na FeS exhibits a high capacity of 320 mAh g , which is close to the theoretical two-electron reaction capacity of 323 mAh g , and operates reversibly for 300 cycles.

Anhydrous Fast Proton Transport Boosted by the Hydrogen Bond Network in a Dense Oxide-Ion Array of α-MoO.

Developing high-power battery chemistry is an urgent task to buffer fluctuating renewable energies and achieve a sustainable and flexible power supply. Owing to the small size of the proton and its ultrahigh mobility in water via the Grotthuss mechanism, aqueous proton batteries are an attractive candidate for high-power energy storage devices. Grotthuss proton transfer is ultrafast owing to the hydrogen-bonded networks of water molecules.

resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy of the LiMnO cathode using an aqueous electrolyte solution.

The Mn 3d electronic-structure change of the LiMnO cathode during Li-ion extraction/insertion in an aqueous electrolyte solution was studied by resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES). The Mn L RXES spectra for the charged state revealed the Mn state with strong charge-transfer from the O 2p to Mn 3d orbitals dominates, while for the open-circuit-voltage and discharged states it is ascribed to the mixture of sites with Mn and Mn states. The degree of charge transfer is significantly different between the Mn and Mn states, indicating that the redox reaction takes place on the strongly-hybridized Mn 3d-O 2p orbital rather than the localized Mn 3d orbital.

Bayesian analysis of amiodarone or lidocaine versus placebo for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: Clinical trials for patients with shock-refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), including the Amiodarone, Lidocaine or Placebo (ALPS) trial, have been unable to demonstrate definitive benefit after treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. A Bayesian approach, combining the available evidence, may yield additional insights.

Methods: We conducted a reanalysis of the ALPS trial comparing treatment with amiodarone or lidocaine with placebo in patients with OHCA following shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT).

Oxygen Redox Versus Oxygen Evolution in Aqueous Electrolytes: Critical Influence of Transition Metals.

Aqueous lithium-ion batteries are promising electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their sustainable nature, low cost, high level of safety, and environmental benignity. The recent development of a high-salt-concentration strategy for aqueous electrolytes, which significantly expands their electrochemical potential window, has created attractive opportunities to explore high-performance electrode materials for aqueous lithium-ion batteries. This study evaluates the compatibility of large-capacity oxygen-redox cathodes with hydrate-melt electrolytes.