Efficient double-flowered gentian plant production using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Japanese cultivated gentians are highly valued ornamental flowers in Japan, but the flower shape is mostly limited to the single-flower type, unlike other flowers such as roses and carnations. To overcome this limitation, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to increase double-flowered genetic resources in gentians. Our approach targeted an () floral homeotic gene (), which is responsible for the natural mutation that causes double flowers in gentians.

Self-compatibility in Brassica napus is caused by independent mutations in S-locus genes.

Brassica napus is an amphidiploid species with the A genome from Brassica rapa and the C genome from Brassica oleracea. Although B. rapa, B.