Nasal immature teratoma in an elderly patient: Clinicopathological and epigenetic analogies with central nervous system counterparts, alongside genomic divergences.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are categorized as gonadal or extra-gonadal, based on the origin. Extra-gonadal GCTs predominantly manifest within the central nervous system (CNS), mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and sacrococcygeal region. These malignancies are most frequently diagnosed in the pediatric, adolescent, and young adult demographics.

Rapid spread of a vertically transmitted symbiont induces drastic shifts in butterfly sex ratio.

The causes and consequences of sex-ratio dynamics constitutes a pivotal subject in evolutionary biology. Under conditions of evolutionary equilibrium, the male-to-female ratio tends to be approximately 1:1; however, this equilibrium is susceptible to distortion by selfish genetic elements exemplified by driving sex chromosomes and cytoplasmic elements. Although previous studies have documented instances of these genetic elements distorting the sex ratio, studies specifically tracking the process with which these distorters spread within populations, leading to a transition from balanced parity to a skewed, female-biased state, are notably lacking.

Central Neurocytoma Treated Using Supratentorial Ventricle Radiotherapy: A Single-Institution Analysis of Five Cases in Adjuvant or Salvage Settings After Surgery.

Introduction: Central neurocytoma (CN) is an extremely rare tumor primarily located in the supratentorial ventricular system, categorized as a glioneuronal or neuronal tumor.

Methods: This study presented a retrospective analysis of five CN patients who received adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy. Patients, aged 31-59 years, underwent radiation doses ranging from 60 Gy to 50.

Region-specific DNA hydroxymethylation along the malignant progression of IDH-mutant gliomas.

The majority of low-grade isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant (IDH) gliomas undergo malignant progression (MP), but their underlying mechanism remains unclear. IDH gliomas exhibit global DNA methylation, and our previous report suggested that MP could be partly attributed to passive demethylation caused by accelerated cell cycles. However, during MP, there is also active demethylation mediated by ten-eleven translocation, such as DNA hydroxymethylation.

Predictive models of long-term survival outcomes following radical cystectomy.

Background: Identifying the likelihood of life-threatening recurrence after radical cystectomy by reliable and user-friendly predictive models remains an unmet need in the clinical management of invasive bladder cancer.

Methods: A total of 204 consecutive patients undergoing open radical cystectomy (ORC) for bladder cancer were retrospectively enrolled between May 2005 and August 2020. Clinicopathological and peri-ORC therapeutic data were extracted from clinical records.

Anesthetic management of a patient with achalasia, a disease with a considerable risk for aspiration under anesthesia.

Background: Achalasia is a rare condition characterized by dysfunction of esophageal motility and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Anesthetic management of these patients is challenging due to the elevated risk of regurgitation and aspiration.

Case Presentation: A 53-year-old man diagnosed with achalasia was scheduled for renal cancer surgery before esophageal myotomy.

The utility of the [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen level as a prognostic marker in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide.

Background: The prostate health index (phi) derived using [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (p2PSA), a precursor of PSA, has been shown to predict cancer in the gray zone. However, the utility of p2PSA in predicting outcomes for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of p2PSA in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of enzalutamide treatment in CRPC patients.

Retroperitoneal urothelial carcinoma arising after bladder diverticulectomy: a case report.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma arises from the inner urothelial membrane of the renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder and often causes macrohematuria. Here, we report a rare case in which the patient developed non-symptomatic urothelial carcinoma anatomically outside the bladder wall 17 years after bladder diverticulectomy.

Case Presentation: An 82-year-old male patient previously underwent gastrectomy for stomach cancer and partial hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Recurrent glioblastoma metastatic to the lumbar vertebra: A case report and literature review: Surgical oncology.

Background: Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor, and its prognosis is as poor as 1.5 to 2 years. Most cases recur within one year even under the standard treatment.

Two cases of CRPC with mutation treated by olaparib after favorable response to cisplatin.

Introduction: Several prostate cancers carry homologous recombination repair mutations that respond to olaparib. Because of the mechanism, the efficacy of platinum-based therapy can be used to predict the efficacy of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors such as olaparib.

Case Presentation: We experienced two neuroendocrine prostate cancer patients who achieved a response duration of more than 1 year with platinum-based therapy.

Changes in Renal Function of Patients With Prostate Cancer: Focus on Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Background/aim: To investigate the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in male Japanese patients with prostate cancer, based on post-hoc analysis of data from a previous prospective study.

Patients And Methods: Among 103 patients with prostate cancer in whom renal function changes were tracked over 5 years, 88 were divided into a group who completed ADT within 3 years (short ADT group; n=47) and a group who continued with ADT for more than 5 years (continuous ADT group; n=41). We compared the groups in terms of the eGFR, calculated based on age and serum creatinine (mg/dl) before ADT initiation and every other year over the next 5 years.

Novel case of primary intracranial solitary plasmacytoma presenting with significant intratumoral hemorrhage.

Background: Solitary plasmacytoma is a localized lesion comprising monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells. This disease is rarely encountered and few reports have described primary intracranial solitary plasmacytoma (PISP).

Case Description: We report a case of PISP that presented initially as status epilepticus and exhibited massive intratumoral hemorrhage at the subcortical area.

Perception of Heterospecific Sex Pheromone Causes Less Effective Mating Disruption in the Beet Semilooper, Autographa nigrisigna (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Confuser® V is a pheromone-based mating disruptant designed to reduce damage caused by seven species of moth pests, including the beet semilooper, Autographa nigrisigna (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Eggs and larvae of A. nigrisigna are often found in fields treated with Confuser® V, suggesting that some components in the Confuser® V blend may have adverse effects on the efficacy of mating disruption of this species.

Presepsin as a predictor of septic shock in patients with urinary tract infection.

Background: Recently, presepsin has been reported to be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of sepsis and evaluation of prognosis in septic patients. However, few reports have evaluated its usefulness in patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to evaluate whether presepsin could be a valuable marker for detecting severe sepsis, and whether it could predict the therapeutic course in patients with UTI compared with markers already used: procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Gene expression profiling of 19q-loss astrocytomas suggest a specific pattern associated with the better prognosis.

Purpose: We previously reported that there was a subgroup of IDH-mutated astrocytomas harboring only 19q-loss showing oligodendroglioma-like morphology and significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with 19q-intact astrocytomas. The aim of this study was to further explore the biological characteristics of this possible subgroup and obtain insight into the mechanism of their relatively benign clinical behavior.

Methods: We compared gene expression pattern between five 19q-loss and five 19q-intact IDH-mutated astrocytomas by microarray analysis.

A Novel Topical Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Glioblastoma.

Purpose: Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is widely used as an intraoperative fluorescent probe for radical resection of high-grade glioma, and thus aids in extending progression-free survival of patients. However, there exist some cases where 5-ALA fails to fluoresce. In some other cases, it may undergo fluorescence quenching but cannot be orally readministered during surgery.

Discovery of wing imaginal discs in the penultimate instar of the lacewing Mallada desjardinsi (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) with histological notes on postembryonic imaginal disc development.

Holometabolous insects are alternatively named "Endopterygota" because, in the larvae of many taxa, the wing primordia in the lateral regions of the meso- and metathoracic segments form more or less invaginated structures called wing imaginal discs. Holometabolous insects exhibit differential developmental timing of the wing during ontogeny. The condition in which wing growth is deferred until the end of larval life has been considered ancestral, whereas early disc formation has been recognized as the derived condition.

have made it twice: Hybrid introgression between two sister species of butterflies.

, cytoplasmically inherited endosymbionts of arthropods, are known to hijack their host reproduction in various ways to increase their own vertical transmission. This may lead to the selective sweep of associated mitochondria, which can have a large impact on the evolution of mitochondrial lineages. In Japan, two different strains (CI and Fem) are found in two sister species of pierid butterflies, and .

Author Correction: A single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq toolbox for fresh and frozen human tumors.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Multiplex PCR for identification of two butterfly sister species: Eurema mandarina and Eurema hecabe.

Objective: In insects, closely related species are often difficult or impossible to distinguish solely by morphological traits. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers are often useful and reliable for distinguishing closely related species. However, useful mtDNA markers can be unavailable, particularly when such species pairs experienced hybrid introgression in the past.