Recanalization Does Not Always Equate to Reperfusion: No-Reflow Phenomenon After Successful Thrombectomy.

Background: Thrombectomy for acute large vessel occlusion is a well-established treatment for stroke prevention. However, futile recanalization cases, where no-reflow occurs despite successful recanalization, have been reported. This study aimed to assess cerebral hemodynamics immediately after thrombectomy and their relationship with clinical outcomes.

Repeated human cranial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improved electrophysiological recovery in a spinal cord injury rat model.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been applied in several clinical trials of spinal cord injury (SCI). We have successfully established MSCs from human cranial bone and developed a longitudinal neuromonitoring technique for rodents. In addition to single transplantation, the potential of multiple transplantations has been suggested as a new therapeutic strategy.

Outcome of CAS under flow reversal and analysis for the intraprocedural flow of internal carotid artery.

Objective: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) under flow reversal with dual protection using a proximal balloon and distal filter has been an established procedure for internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. This study investigates the effect of external carotid artery (ECA) occlusion on outcomes of CAS and ICA flow under flow reversal.

Methods: We reviewed 231 cases of CAS under flow reversal with ECA occlusion and 32 without.

Relevance of the Foramen of Vesalius for Preoperative Tumor Embolization in Skull Base Meningioma.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the foramen of Vesalius (FV) in the pathogenesis of skull base meningioma by analyzing data from various multi-image modalities.

Methods: For this single-center retrospective study, 39 consecutive patients with skull base meningioma who underwent tumor resection between January 2020 and March 2023 were enrolled. The anatomical and pathological characteristics of the FV were evaluated using computed tomography and 3-dimensional digital subtraction angiography.

Usefulness of combined bypass surgery for moyamoya disease in infants under 1 year of age: A technical case report.

Background: Among pediatric cases of moyamoya disease (MMD), cerebral ischemic symptoms often progress and worsen rapidly in infants under one year of age; therefore, it is important to treat them as early as possible. However, direct bypass surgery is often technically difficult for infants due to their small blood vessels. Here, we describe our technique to resolve the technical challenges encountered during superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery in infants aged <1 year with MMD, focusing on specific procedures.

Endovascular Treatment for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms with Intracerebral Hematoma-Clinical Propriety of Less Invasive Treatment.

Background: Endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (rIAs) accompanied by intracerebral hematoma (ICH) can be challenging because the ICH can be enlarged due to intraoperative anticoagulation during the endovascular procedure. This retrospective study aimed to compare the outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with and without ICH treated by endovascular procedures.

Methods: We reviewed 62 patients who underwent endovascular treatment of rIAs between January 2015 and April 2023.

Flow volume mismatch dramatically affects transient neurologic symptoms after direct bypass in Moyamoya disease.

Transient neurological events (TNEs) occur after bypass surgery in Moyamoya disease (MMD); however, their pathology remains unknown. To elucidate the pathophysiology of TNEs, we investigated their relationship with perioperative superficial temporal artery (STA) blood flow volume, which was evaluated using ultrasonography. Forty-nine patients with MMD, who underwent direct bypass surgery, were included and stratified into TNE and non-TNE groups, respectively.

Pulsatility index of superficial temporal artery was associated with cerebral infarction after direct bypass surgery for moyamoya disease.

Objective: Direct bypass surgery by superficial temporal artery (STA) - middle cerebral artery anastomosis is an established procedure for moyamoya disease (MMD). However, some patients may develop cerebral infarction (CI) due to the watershed shift phenomenon after the surgery. This study sought to investigate the correlation between the postoperative changes of STA flow as well as cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the incidence of CI after direct bypass surgery for MMD.

Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device Flow Diverter Placement for Recurrent Dolichoectatic Vertebrobasilar Artery Aneurysm Treated with Multiple Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Stents: A Case Study.

Objective: We report a case of dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar aneurysms treated with multiple low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stents followed by flow redirection endoluminal device (FRED) flow diverter to prevent the growth of the thrombosed aneurysm.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old man developed diplopia due to oculomotor nerve palsy after 11 years of follow-up for an enlarging thrombosed dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm. He initially had a fusiform thrombosed aneurysm from the right vertebral artery to the basilar artery.

A novel rat model for longitudinal electrophysiological evaluation after cold-induced brain injury.

Objective: Cerebral contusion models of cold-induced injury are widely used in animal studies. However, owing to the difficulty of longitudinal recording of electrical stimulation transcranial motor evoked potential (tcMEP) in brain injury models of incomplete paralysis, to the authors' knowledge there have been no multimodal evaluations of cold-induced brain injury models that have included motor function and electrophysiological and histological evaluations. Therefore, in this study the authors aimed to perform a multimodal evaluation of a rat model of brain injury.

Establishment of longitudinal transcranial stimulation motor evoked potentials monitoring of the forelimbs and hindlimbs in an ischemic stroke rat model.

Evaluation of motor function ischemic stroke rat models includes qualitative assessments such as the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). However, mNSS cannot evaluate the function of forelimbs and hindlimbs separately. We quantitatively assessed motor function in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model of ischemic stroke.

Natural history of acute unruptured vertebral basilar artery dissection: Temporal changes in imaging findings and contributory factors.

Objectives: To investigate temporal changes in imaging findings of conservatively treated acute unruptured vertebral basilar artery dissection (VBAD) and its contributing factors.

Methods: Fifty-three patients who underwent conservative treatment for 64 cases of acute VBAD diagnosed between January 2006 and March 2019 with follow-up of at least 12 months after onset were retrospectively investigated. Statistical analyses of age, sex, medical history, pattern of onset, lesion site, imaging findings and changes over time, regular medication, and outcomes were performed.

Usefulness of stent placement for innominate artery stenosis via the right brachial artery under protection by balloon guide catheter: a technical case report.

A method of cerebral protection during endovascular treatment for innominate artery stenosis (IAS) has not been established. Herein, we report a case of symptomatic IAS in a 76-year-old woman. A balloon guide catheter (BGC) was inserted through the right brachial artery (BA) and guided distally to the stenosis.

Abdominal Aortic Calcification Volume Is Associated with Wall Enhancement of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm.

Objective: Inflammatory atherosclerotic remodeling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) wall, which could be detected as aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) in MR vessel wall imaging (VWI), plays a pivotal role in pathophysiology of progression to rupture. On the other hand, abdominal aortic calcification reflects the extent of systemic atherosclerosis, which in turn predicts the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular as well as cerebrovascular diseases. This study sought to investigate whether the abdominal aortic calcification was associated with increased wall enhancement of UIAs in VWI.

Longitudinal electrophysiological changes after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a spinal cord injury rat model.

Transcranial electrically stimulated motor-evoked potentials (tcMEPs) are widely used to evaluate motor function in humans and animals. However, the relationship between tcMEPs and the recovery of paralysis remains unclear. We previously reported that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells to a spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model resulted in various degrees of recovery from paraplegia.

Hypertension and Advanced Age Increase the Risk of Cognitive Impairment after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Registry-Based Study.

Background: As the global population ages, the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasing. Whereas mild TBI can impair the cognitive function of older adults, the cause and background of mild TBI-induced cognitive impairment remain unclear, and the evaluation of risk factors for cognitive impairment after mild TBI remains open for consideration, especially in the aging population. This study aimed to evaluate the risks associated with cognitive impairment following mild TBI.