Spreading Ability of -Harboring Plasmid and Effect of Tetracyclines as a Selective Pressure.

Tigecycline is a last-resort antimicrobial in humans. Tetracyclines are the most widely used antimicrobials in livestock. Mobile tigecycline resistance genes [] are disseminated worldwide, and tetracycline use may have promoted the selection of genes.

Crop contamination evaluation by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria via livestock waste compost-fertilized field soil.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, selected by antimicrobial agent use in livestock, are emerging and their spread to crops from feces via composting represents a public health concern as they are ultimately transmitted to humans. In this study, we investigated Escherichia coli and other ampicillin (AMP)-resistant coliform spread conditions in field soil and dent corn, an agricultural crop, on a livestock-derived compost-applying farm. No AMP-resistant E.

Rapid detection of causative bacteria including multiple infections of bovine respiratory disease using 16S rRNA amplicon-based nanopore sequencing.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifaceted condition that poses a primary challenge in calf rearing. Viruses and bacteria are etiological agents of BRD. Viral BRD is typically managed symptomatically, whereas bacterial BRD is predominantly managed through the empirical administration of antimicrobials.

On-Site Inactivation for Disinfection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Hospital Effluent by UV and UV-LED.

The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not limited to the medical field but is also becoming prevalent on a global scale in the environmental field. Environmental water pollution caused by the discharge of wastewater into aquatic environments has caused concern in the context of the sustainable development of modern society. However, there have been few studies focused on the treatment of hospital wastewater, and the potential consequences of this remain unknown.

WQ-3810, a fluoroquinolone with difluoropyridine derivative as the R1 group exerts high potency against quinolone-resistant .

Unlabelled: Quinolone-resistant have been increasing worldwide. Quinolones exert their antibacterial activity by inhibiting DNA gyrase, but most of the isolates acquire quinolone resistance via an amino acid substitution in the A subunit of DNA gyrase. WQ-3810 is a quinolone antibiotic that has been reported to have high potency even to DNA gyrase with amino acid substitutions in several bacterial species; however, there was no information on .

Association of toxin-producing Clostridioides difficile with piglet diarrhea and potential transmission to humans.

The pathogenicity of Clostridioides difficile in piglets remains controversial. It is unknown whether C. difficile control helps protect piglet health.

Low-frequency transmission and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes from livestock to agricultural soil and crops through compost application.

Livestock excrement is composted and applied to agricultural soils. If composts contain antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB), they may spread to the soil and contaminate cultivated crops. Therefore, we investigated the degree of transmission of ARB and related antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and, as well as clonal transmission of ARB from livestock to soil and crops through composting.

Carbapenem and colistin-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: An emerging threat transcending the egyptian food chain.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a great public health problem and is associated with many disease outbreaks and high mortality rates. Alarmingly, K. pneumoniae has been isolated from food in several recent studies.

Transferable linezolid resistance genes (optrA and poxtA) in enterococci derived from livestock compost at Japanese farms.

Objectives: Linezolid is a last-resort antimicrobial in human clinical settings to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Mobile linezolid resistance genes (optrA, poxtA, and cfr) have been detected in various sources worldwide. However, the presence of linezolid-not-susceptible bacteria and mobile linezolid resistance genes in Japan remains uncertain.

Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Monitoring in Raw Seafood Retailed: a Pilot Study Focused on and .

In aquaculture, bacterial infections in sea animals are treated using antimicrobials. As seafood is frequently consumed in its raw form, seafood contaminated with water-borne antimicrobial-resistant bacteria presents a potential transmission route to humans and can influence food safety. In this study, we aimed to determine the abundance of water-borne bacteria in retail raw seafood and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance profiles.

Inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospital wastewater by ozone-based advanced water treatment processes.

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continue on a global scale. The impacts of wastewater on the environment and human health have been identified, and understanding the environmental impacts of hospital wastewater and exploring appropriate forms of treatment are major societal challenges. In the present research, we evaluated the efficacy of ozone (O)-based advanced wastewater treatment systems (O, O/HO, O/UV, and O/UV/HO) for the treatment of antimicrobials, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB), and antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs) in wastewater from medical facilities.

16S rRNA nanopore sequencing for rapid diagnosis of causative bacteria in bovine mastitis.

The rapid identification of specific bacterial pathogens in bovine mastitis is crucial for appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons is a proven, useful strategy for diagnosing bacterial infections. In this study, the use of 16S rRNA analysis with nanopore sequencer for the rapid identification of causative bacteria in bovine mastitis, was evaluated.

Intermittent antibiotic treatment of bacterial biofilms favors the rapid evolution of resistance.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a global health concern of increasing importance and intensive study. Although biofilms are a common source of infections in clinical settings, little is known about the development of antibiotic resistance within biofilms. Here, we use experimental evolution to compare selection of resistance mutations in planktonic and biofilm Escherichia coli populations exposed to clinically relevant cycles of lethal treatment with the aminoglycoside amikacin.

Conjugative IncHI2/HI2A plasmids harbouring in colistin-susceptible isolated from diseased pigs in Japan.

Colistin is a last resort antimicrobial used for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance () genes are a cause of global concern, and, thus far, have been identified. In a previous study, we screened in derived from diseased pigs in Japan and reported a high prevalence of , and .

Biological properties of Staphylococcus virus ΦSA012 for phage therapy.

Staphylococcus virus ΦSA012 has a wide host range and efficient lytic activity. Here, we assessed the biological stability of ΦSA012 against temperature, freeze-thawing, and pH to clinically apply the phage. In addition, inoculation of ΦSA012 through i.

A survey of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli prevalence in wild mammals in Japan using antimicrobial-containing media.

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes pose serious human and animal health concerns. Therefore, to control antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment, the status of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in a variety of wild mammals and their prevalence were examined using antimicrobial-containing media. In total, 750 isolates were obtained from 274/366 (74.

Chromosomal coharboring of bla and mcr-9 in Enterobacter asburiae isolated from a Japanese woman with empyema: a case report.

Background: Polymyxin E (colistin) is a last-resort antibiotic to treat infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). However, reports of CPEs resistant to colistin have been increasing, and the mcr genes are emerging as resistance mechanisms. Among them, plasmid-mediate mcr-9 is known to be associated with colistin resistance, whereas reports on chromosomal mcr-9 and its association with colistin resistance in humans are few.

Colistin Susceptibility in Companion Animal-Derived spp., and spp. in Japan: Frequent Isolation of Colistin-Resistant Complex.

Transmission of colistin-resistant from companion animals to humans poses a clinical risk as colistin is a last-line antimicrobial agent for treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including . In this study, we investigated the colistin susceptibility of 285 (including 140 , 86 spp., and 59 spp.

Current status and future perspective of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in animal-breeding environments.

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are a global public health concern. ARB are transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans. The importance of environmental transmission of ARB and ARGs has recently been demonstrated, given the relationships between compost, livestock wastewater, insects, and wildlife.

Distribution and characteristics of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in hospital effluents, sewage treatment plants, and river water in an urban area of Japan.

Occurrence of profiles of the carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRE-E) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E) in an urban river in a sub-catchment of the Yodo River Basin, one of the representative water systems of Japan was investigated. We conducted seasonal and year-round surveys for the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) and antimicrobial-resistance genes (AMRGs) in hospital effluents, sewage treatment plant (STP) wastewater, and river water; subsequently, contributions to wastewater discharge into the rivers were estimated by analyses based on the mass flux. Furthermore, the characteristics of AMRB in the water samples were evaluated on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

Infiltration of hidden antimicrobial resistance among healthy people in a Japanese community.

Background: Under non-antimicrobial selective pressure, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria do not easily become dominant in the microbiota. Furthermore, their low levels prevent detection by isolation, resulting in an underestimation of the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

Objectives: We evaluated the infiltration of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their related β-lactamase genes among healthy people in non-clinical settings.

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pasteurella multocida Strain Pm1, Isolated from a Calf.

Bovine pneumonia is a disease that causes significant economic losses in livestock industries and is vital for animal welfare. The whole-genome sequence of Pasteurella multocida strain Pm1, isolated from a calf suffering from pneumonia in Japan, is reported here.

Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater by Ozone-Based Advanced Water Treatment Processes.

The inactivating effect of ozone (O)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (O/HO, O/UV, and O/UV/HO systems) on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) and antimicrobial-susceptible bacteria (AMSB) in sewage treatment plant (STP) wastewater was investigated. The AMRB were grouped into six classes: carbapenem-resistant (CRE), extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing (ESBL-E), multidrug-resistant (MDRA), multidrug-resistant (MDRP), methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant (VRE); these classes constituted the World Health Organization (WHO) global priority list of AMRB. The results indicate that O-based advanced wastewater treatment inactivated all AMRB and AMSB (>99.