Proprostate-specific antigen: its usefulness in the era of multiple-core prostate biopsy.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-related markers, including the precursor form of PSA, using the full-range area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics (AUC-ROC), partial AUC-ROC (pAUC-ROC) and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Methods: Participants consisted of 257 consecutive men (PSA range 4.1-20 ng/mL) undergoing transrectal ultrasonography-guided age-adjusted and prostate volume-adjusted multiple-core prostate biopsy at Gunma University Hospital between January 2003 and May 2005.

Changes in baseline PSA levels in Japanese men from 1988 to 2003.

Objectives: According to epidemiologic surveys, the number of deaths from prostate cancer in Japanese men increased rapidly from 1970 to 2006. However, it is difficult to know the real incidence of, and mortality due to, prostate cancer because the reliability of death certificates and the cancer registry system in Japan are poor. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels could be one of the most important predictive factors for developing prostate cancer.

Prostate-specific antigen kinetics in screen-detected prostate cancer in Japan.

Objectives: It would be of value to compare the features of prostate cancer detected in various screening series around the world. Recently, some studies have demonstrated the value of pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics in predicting the outcome of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy for men with localized prostate cancer. Therefore, the distribution of PSA velocity (PSAV) or PSA doubling time in screen-detected prostate cancer might be objective parameters to investigate how well each national screening system is working.

Lead time of prostate cancer detected in population based screening for prostate cancer in Japan.

Purpose: We clarified that lead time bias in screen detected prostate cancer is important for evaluating the outcome of any individual screening system.

Materials And Methods: Between 1992 and 2001, 195 and 958 prostate cancer cases with clinical T1c/T2N0M0 and T3N0M0 disease were enrolled in the current study as screen detected and outpatient clinic detected prostate cancer, respectively. Log10 prostate specific antigen velocity was calculated using log10 prostate specific antigen at diagnosis and at the most recent screening before cancer detection.

Cumulative probability of PSA increase above 4.0 NG/ML in population-based screening for prostate cancer.

Routine screening for prostate cancer remains controversial. However, it is very important to show how the optimal rescreening interval should be set for men who want to be screened after informed consent. To solve this issue, the risk of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase above 4.

Diagnostic significance of PSA density adjusted by transition zone volume in males with PSA levels between 2 and 4ng/ml.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), density (PSAD), and PSAD adjusted by transition zone volume (PSATZD) in men with PSA levels between 2.1 and 4.0ng/ml.

Possibility of re-screening intervals of more than one year in men with PSA levels of 4.0 ng/ml or less.

Background: The optimal re-screening interval is one of the most important issues to evaluate the effectiveness of screening for prostate cancer.

Methods: Between 1992 and 2000, 7,026 men aged 50-78 with baseline PSA levels of 4.0 ng/ml or lower underwent screening for prostate cancer twice or more.

Natural history of PSA increase with and without prostate cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the natural history of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase in men with and without prostate cancer to clarify the probability of cancer-related PSA increase.

Methods: Between 1986 and 2001, 504 men aged 79 years or younger with baseline PSA levels of 4.0 ng/mL or less and a PSA increase greater than 4.

Free/total PSA ratio is a powerful predictor of future prostate cancer morbidity in men with initial PSA levels of 4.1 to 10.0 ng/mL.

Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of measuring the free/total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio (%fPSA) in men with initial PSA levels of 4.1 to 10.0 ng/mL as a predictor of the future risk of developing prostate cancer.

The diagnostic accuracy of the age-adjusted and prostate volume-adjusted biopsy method in males with prostate specific antigen levels of 4.1-10.0 ng/mL.

Background: The authors evaluated a new age-adjusted and prostate volume-adjusted biopsy method for the detection of prostate carcinoma through the transperineal and the transrectal approaches in men with PSA levels of 4.1-10.0 ng/mL.

Usefulness of prostate-specific antigen velocity in screening for prostate cancer.

Background: The cut-off value of prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) was investigated in relation to the initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value in subjects with initial values of 1.0-4.0 ng/mL, and the usefulness and limitations of PSAV as a screening test for prostate cancer were examined.