Enantioselective construction of imidazolines having vicinal tetra-substituted stereocenters by direct Mannich reaction of α-substituted α-isocyanoacetates with ketimines.

The catalytic Mannich reaction of α-substituted α-isocyanoacetates with ketimines has been investigated. A variety of imidazolines containing congested vicinal tetra-substituted stereocenters were obtained in excellent yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity using cinchona alkaloid amide/Ni(ii) and base catalysts.

Effects of low-dose milnacipran on event-related potentials and neuropsychological tests in persons with traumatic brain injury: A preliminary study.

Introduction: Psychostimulants are among the most commonly used pharmacological agents for countering cognitive dysfunction and/or enhancing rehabilitation in persons with brain injury. It was postulated that milnacipran, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, would be effective against cognitive dysfunction in non-depressed persons with brain injury.

Methods: Eighteen patients were recruited with at least moderate disability more than 4 months after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and they were randomized to an 8-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Direct asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of α-isocyanoacetates with ketimines using cinchona alkaloid/copper(II) catalysts.

The enantioselective direct Mannich-type reaction of ketimines with α-isocyanoacetates has been developed. Excellent yields and enantioselectivity were observed for the reaction of various ketimines and α-isocyanoacetates using cinchona alkaloid/Cu(OTf)2 and a base. Both enantiomers of the products could be obtained by using pseudoenantiomeric chiral catalysts.

Did the educational campaign to support persons with cognitive dysfunction encourage them to participate in society in Northern Kyushu, Japan?

Primary Objective: To investigate social participation and the administration of the official certificate for cognitive dysfunction in Northern Kyushu, Japan following a government-conducted educational campaign to support persons with cognitive dysfunction.

Methods And Procedures: A questionnaire was mailed to members of the Brain Injury Association of Northern Kyushu living with traumatic brain injury; the results were compared with those of the first survey conducted in 2002.

Main Outcomes And Results: This study evaluated 159 individuals (response rate: 72.

Induction of arginine vasopressin-enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in the locus coeruleus following kainic acid-induced seizures in rats.

Seizure causes autonomic, neuroendocrine and stress responses. We examined the effects of kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures on the expression of the arginine vasopressin (AVP)-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in the locus coeruleus (LC), an area known to contain noradrenergic cells, in AVP-eGFP transgenic male and female rats, with the rationale to identify stressors which induce AVP synthesis in the LC. Subcutaneous (s.

Upregulation of arginine vasopressin synthesis in the rat hypothalamus after kainic acid-induced seizures.

We examined the effects of kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures on arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene expression in the paraventricular (PVN) and the supraoptic nuclei (SON) of normal rats using in situ hybridization histochemistry. We also investigated the expression of the AVP-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion gene after KA-induced seizures in transgenic rats. AVP heteronuclear (hn) RNA levels in the PVN and the SON were significantly increased at 3h and 24h after subcutaneous (s.

A workshop report on wheat genome sequencing: International Genome Research on Wheat Consortium.

Sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a wheat genome sequencing workshop was held November 10-11, 2003, in Washington, DC.