Objective: Insulin resistance is associated with aging and stress, both common among patients repeatedly failing to conceive with in vitro fertilization (IVF repeaters). In the present study we examined whether low-dose metformin could improve the outcome in IVF repeaters without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Design: Study I was a preliminary clinical trial aiming at defining indications for therapy; study II was a prospective randomized study.
Background: Use of antiretroviral drugs has reduced the mortality rate for HIV infection and many HIV-discordant couples wish to have children. It is possible for an HIV-infected man to father children without risk of HIV transmission if HIV-free spermatozoa can be obtained from his semen.
Methods: An improved swim-up method was used to collect HIV-free spermatozoa from the semen of HIV-positive males.
The present study was carried out to examine the predictive value of endocrine profiles as indicators of the sperm retrieval rate on testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in azoospermic men. Prior to TESE, the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol and 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone were measured and the sagittal cross-sections of the testis were acquired using ultrasonography. The sperm retrieval rates according to the cause of azoospermia were 40% for idiopathic azoospermia, and 100% for obstructive azoospermia, cryptorchidsm and ejaculatory disorder.
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