Cadmium body burden and health effects after restoration of cadmium-polluted soils in cadmium-polluted areas in the Jinzu River basin.

Background: Itai-itai disease is caused by environmental cadmium (Cd) pollution in the Jinzu River basin in Japan. To reduce the Cd contamination of rice, soil restoration of paddy fields was carried out. We evaluated the effect of soil restoration on the health status of residents of the former Cd-polluted area.

Effect of renal tubular damage on non-cancer mortality in the general Japanese population living in cadmium non-polluted areas.

This study aimed to clarify the cause-effect relationship between renal tubular damage and non-cancer mortality in the general Japanese population. We conducted a 19-year cohort study including 1110 men and 1,03 women who lived in three cadmium-non-polluted areas in 1993 or 1994. Mortality risk ratios based on urinary β2-microglobulin (β2MG) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations were estimated for specific non-cancer diseases using the Fine and Gray competing risks regression model.

Renal tubular dysfunction and cancer mortality in the Japanese general population living in cadmium-non-contaminated areas.

The relationship between cadmium exposure, exposure-related renal tubular dysfunction, and mortality have been reported, mainly in the residents of Cd-contaminated areas in Japan. The aim of this study was to establish the cause-effect relationship between renal tubular dysfunction and cancer mortality in the general population in non-contaminated areas. A 19-year cohort study was conducted in 1110 men and 1703 women in 1993 or 1994, who lived in three cadmium-non-contaminated areas.

The Relationship between the Urinary Cadmium Concentration and Cause-Specific Mortality in Subjects without Severe Renal Damage: A 35-Year Follow-Up Study in a Cadmium-Polluted Area of Japan.

We evaluated the association between urinary cadmium concentration (uCd, μg/g Cr) and risk of cause-specific mortality according to urinary β2-microglobulin (MG) concentration. Participants were 1383 male and 1700 female inhabitants of the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin. The uCd and β2-MG were evaluated in a survey in 1981-1982, where those participants were followed-up over 35 years later.

The Association between Anthropometric Indices of Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease in Middle-aged Japanese Men and Women: A Cohort Study.

Objective This study investigated associations between three indices of obesity-the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)-and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The employees of a company in Japan (1,725 men, 1,186 women; aged 35-55 years) had BMI, WC, and WHtR measured in health examinations. The incidence of CKD was determined at annual medical examinations over a six-year period.

The relationship between cadmium exposure and renal volume in inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area of Japan.

This follow-up study was conducted over 30 years in a cadmium-polluted area of Japan. Urinary cadmium (U-Cd) concentration decreased by nearly half from 1986 to 2008 in men and women. However, it increased from 2008 to 2014 and maintained similar levels in 2016.

Environmental cadmium exposure and noncancer mortality in a general Japanese population in cadmium nonpolluted regions.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of environmental cadmium exposure according to urinary cadmium concentration (U-Cd) on noncancer mortality in a general Japanese population. We conducted a longitudinal study for 19 years in 2804 inhabitants (1107 men and 1697 women) in some cadmium nonpolluted regions in Japan. The participants were classified into quartiles based on U-Cd (μg/g cre) adjusted for urinary creatinine.

Frequency of consumption of balanced meals, bodyweight gain and incident risk of glucose intolerance in Japanese men and women: A cohort study.

Aims/introduction: This cohort study assessed the risk for bodyweight gain and development of glucose intolerance based on the frequency of consumption of balanced meals including grain, fish or meat and vegetables.

Materials And Methods: The participants (8,573 men, 3,327 women) were employees of a company in Japan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the frequency of balanced meal consumption.

Relationship between urinary β -microglobulin concentration and mortality in a cadmium-polluted area in Japan: A 35-year follow-up study.

The relationship between urinary β -microglobulin (β -MG) and the risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in a cadmium (Cd)-polluted area was investigated in 3139 inhabitants (1404 men and 1735 women) of the Kakehashi River basin in Japan at 35-year follow-up. The subjects had been participants in the 1981-1982 health impact survey that assessed Cd-induced renal dysfunction, as measured by the urinary β -MG concentration. Hazard ratios were calculated to assess the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the urinary β -MG concentrations.

Relationship between cancer mortality and environmental cadmium exposure in the general Japanese population in cadmium non-polluted areas.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure indicated by urinary Cd (U-Cd) on cancer mortality in the general Japanese population. A 19-year cohort study was conducted in 1107 men and 1697 women who lived in three Cd non-polluted areas in Japan. Mortality risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for continuous U-Cd were estimated for all malignant neoplasms and specific cancers using a Fine and Gray competing risks regression model.

Health status of workers approximately 60 years of age and the risk of early death after compulsory retirement: A cohort study.

Objectives: The increasing number of working elderly people has enhanced the importance of workplace health promotion activities. We investigated the association between the health status of workers approximately 60 years of age and the risk of all-cause mortality after compulsory retirement in Japan.

Methods: The 2026 participants (1299 males and 727 females) had retired from a metal-products factory at ≥60 years of age.

The radial augmentation index in children with Kawasaki disease without acute coronary artery lesions during the convalescent period.

Purpose: We recently reported that children and adolescents with a history of Kawasaki disease (KD) had slight but significant elastic arterial stiffness even when no coronary artery lesions (CALs) were present. Moreover, we hypothesized that KD-related arteriopathy may also cause peripheral artery dysfunction. The objective of this study was to assess the involvement of radial artery pulse waves, especially reflection waves from the peripheral arteries using the radial artery augmentation index (rAI) in patients without CALs after KD.

Cancer Mortality in Residents of the Cadmium-Polluted Jinzu River Basin in Toyama, Japan.

After 26 years, we followed up 7348 participants in a 1979-1984 health screening survey in the Jinzu River basin, the heaviest cadmium-polluted area in Japan. We assessed the associations of cadmium exposure levels and mortality from cancer and renal damage, indicated by records of proteinuria and glucosuria in the original survey. Mortality risks (hazard ratios) were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model, stratified by sex, after adjusting for age, smoking status, and hypertension, as indicated in the original survey records.

Increase of lifetime cadmium intake dose-dependently increased all cause of mortality in female inhabitants of the cadmium-polluted Jinzu River basin, Toyama, Japan.

Background: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) via food is supposed to affect life prognosis of inhabitants of Cd-polluted area in Japan. However, there have been few reports demonstrating a significant relationship between the amount of Cd intake and mortality. We aimed to investigate the relationship between mortality and individual lifetime Cd intake (LCd) in inhabitants of the polluted Jinzu River basin, Toyama, Japan.

Relationship between mortality and rice cadmium concentration in inhabitants of the polluted Jinzu River basin, Toyama, Japan: A 26 year follow-up.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mortality and rice cadmium (Cd) concentration in inhabitants of a polluted area in Japan. The target subjects were inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin who participated in health examinations for screening of renal dysfunction from 1979 to 1984. The mean rice Cd concentration in each hamlet was used as an index of the Cd exposure.

Threshold limit values of the cadmium concentration in rice in the development of itai-itai disease using benchmark dose analysis.

The aim of this study was to estimate the benchmark dose (BMD) as the threshold limit level of the cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice for itai-itai disease and/or suspected disease; it was based on the data that previously evaluated the association for such diseases with the Cd concentration in rice by using a logistic regression model. From 1971 to 1976, a total of 2446 rice samples were analyzed across the 88 hamlets in the Jinzu river basin. The mean Cd concentration in rice in each hamlet was used as the index of external Cd exposure of the entire population of the hamlet.

Serum Ferritin, Insulin Resistance, and β-cell Dysfunction: A Prospective Study in Normoglycemic Japanese Men.

The present cohort study investigated the relationship between serum ferritin levels and indices of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in a normoglycemic population without iron overload disorders. The study participants included 575 normoglycemic Japanese men aged 35-57 years with serum ferritin levels of 400 μg/L or less. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction were estimated at baseline and after 3 years by the homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance and β-cell function (HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, respectively).

Dietary carbohydrate intake, presence of obesity and the incident risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men.

Aims/introduction: The present cohort study assessed the risk among Japanese men for developing type 2 diabetes, based on the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates and degree of obesity.

Participants And Methods: The participants were 2,006 male factory employees, and the macronutrient intake of each patient was measured using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The incidence of diabetes was determined in annual blood examinations over a 10-year period.

Attenuation of Urinary Cadmium in Inhabitants of the Environmentally Exposed Jinzu River Basin Determined by Applying a Mixed Linear Model.

Half-life of urinary cadmium level (U-Cd) was estimated in inhabitants whose initial U-Cd was ≥5 μg/L (131 men and 177 women) or ≥5 μg/gcr (195 men and 246 women), using a linear mixed model adjusted for the baseline age. To clarify the effect of initial U-Cd, the target participants were divided into higher or lower initial U-Cd group. In the higher groups, the half-lives were 15.

Estimation of biological half-life of urinary cadmium in inhabitants after cessation of environmental cadmium pollution using a mixed linear model.

We investigated the biological half-life of urinary cadmium concentration (U-Cd) based on a 22-year follow-up study after cessation of environmental Cd pollution. Spot urine samples were obtained from the inhabitants (32 men and 36 women) in the target area in 1986, 1991, 1999, 2003 and 2008. These inhabitants were divided into higher or lower baseline U-Cd group by the cut-off of 5 μg l(-1) or 5 μg g(-1) creatinine.

Elevated Blood Pressure and Serum γ -Glutamyltransferase as Significant Characteristics of Smokers With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Smoking is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is speculated that only a small subset of sensitive smokers develop CKD.

Objectives: We aimed to reveal the characteristics of such smokers sensitive to the renal effects of smoking with respect to cardiovascular (CV) risk factors associated with smoking and/or CKD.

Different association of cigarette smoking with GFR estimated from serum creatinine and that from serum cystatin C in the general population.

Background: Previous studies have shown that GFR estimated from serum creatinine (eGFRcr) is higher in smokers although the implications remain unclear. We aimed to clarify the associations of smoking with eGFRcys (GFR estimated from serum cystatin C) and eGFRcr, cys (the surmised most precise GFR estimate based on serum creatinine and cystatin C) in a working population.

Methods: Cross-sectional observation in 1,587 male workers aged 25-64 years.

Associations between rice, noodle, and bread intake and sleep quality in Japanese men and women.

Background: Previous studies have shown that a diet with a high-glycemic index is associated with good sleep quality. Therefore, we investigated the association of sleep quality with the intake of 3 common starchy foods with different glycemic indexes-rice, bread, and noodles-as well as the dietary glycemic index in a Japanese population.

Methods: The participants were 1,848 men and women between 20 and 60 years of age.