Current understanding of the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of optic neuritis.

Optic neuritis is an ocular disorder whose pathogenesis has not been fully determined, although autoimmune mechanisms have been suggested to be involved in its development. In recent years, anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) have been shown to play major roles in the development of optic neuritis. Because these two antibodies target different tissues, optic neuritis can be classified by the type of antibody.

Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the shape of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in normal subjects using the en-face images of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The EOM insertion and the direction of the muscle fibers were investigated.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 97 healthy normal subjects (194 eyes) at Okayama University Hospital (age, 47.

Long-term results of a multicenter phase II study of preoperative chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus oxaliplatin for locally advanced rectal cancer (JACCRO CC-04: SHOGUN Trial).

Purpose: The study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding oxaliplatin to py (CRT) with S-1 in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LARC). We report here the final results of the study.

Patients And Methods: Patients with histopathologically confirmed LARC (cT3-T4, any N) were eligible.

Changes in visual field defects during 10-year follow-up for indocyanine green-assisted macular hole surgery.

Purpose: To determine whether the visual field defects detected within 3 months of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted inner-limiting membrane (ILM) peeling continue to worsen over longer periods.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational case series. Four eyes with visual field defects that developed within 3 years of ICG-assisted ILM peeling for a macular hole (MH) were examined yearly for 10 years.

A multicenter phase II study of preoperative chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus oxaliplatin for locally advanced rectal cancer (SHOGUN trial).

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding oxaliplatin to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with S-1 in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LARC).

Patients And Methods: This was a multicenter phase II study in patients with histologically proven clinical stage T3 or T4 (any N, M0) LARC. Patients preoperatively received oral S-1 (80 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-5, 8-12, 22-27, and 29-33) and infusional oxaliplatin (60 mg/m(2) days on 1, 8, 22, and 29) plus radiotherapy (50.

Successful radiotherapy for repeated recurrent uterine clear cell adenocarcinoma.

Uterine clear cell adenocarcinoma (UCCA) is rare and resistant to treatment. We report a UCCA patient who responded to radiotherapy on each relapse. The first relapse was detected in the vaginal wall after the first course of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

A phase I dose escalation study of oxaliplatin plus oral S-1 and pelvic radiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (SHOGUN trial).

Background: The objective of this phase I study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with S-1 plus oxaliplatin in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods: Patients received radiotherapy in a total dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions.

[Analysis of initial treatment only by linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery for a metastatic brain tumor from non-small cell lung cancer].

A patient who receives stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)alone for treating the brain metastatic lesion has a risk of tumor recurrence in the brain. Thus, some patients undergo prophylactic whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)in addition to the SRS. However, the usefulness of adding WBRT is still debatable.

Protection of ovarian function by two distinct methods of ovarian shielding for young female patients who receive total body irradiation.

To prevent ovarian dysfunction due to total body irradiation, we started ovarian shielding at our center (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University (SMC-JMU)) with a long source axis distance, which is different from the original method used at the University of Tokyo Hospital (UTH). We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of eight patients with a median age of 20.5 years from SMC-JMU and compared the results with the published data for eight patients with a median age of 22 years from UTH.

Multidisciplinary therapy consisting of minimally invasive resection, irradiation, and intra-arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil for maxillary sinus carcinomas.

Background: Current goals for the treatment of maxillary sinus carcinoma include the preservation of vision, eating, communication, and appearance, as well as the achievement of a cure.

Methods: Japanese patients (n = 121) with maxillary sinus carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent multidisciplinary therapy including minimally invasive resection, 20 Gy irradiation, and intra-arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil.

Successful treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with Fanconi anemia.

Fanconi anemia is a congenital syndrome characterized by hypoplasia of bone marrow and the development of aplastic anemia in childhood, followed by myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia in later life. We report here a patient first diagnosed with Fanconi anemia at age 10. Bone marrow transplantation was performed at age 23 and repeated after an episode of rejection at age 25.

[Accelerated fractionation].

Accelerated repopulation is a reason for loco-regional failure after radiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma. Accelerated fractionation(AF) is a radiotherapy regimen reducing the total treatment time, with the aim of counteracting tumor cell repopulation. AF administers the same or a similar total dose as conventional treatment in a reduced overall time by giving conventionally-sized or smaller fractions more than once daily.

A multicenter phase II study of local radiation therapy for stage IEA mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas: a preliminary report from the Japan Radiation Oncology Group (JAROG).

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of moderate dose radiation therapy (RT) for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in a prospective multicenter phase II trial.

Methods And Materials: The subjects in this study were 37 patients with MALT lymphoma between April 2002 and November 2004. There were 16 male and 21 female patients, ranging in age from 24 to 82 years, with a median of 56 years.

Initial experience with the quality assurance program of radiation therapy on behalf of Japan Radiation Oncology Group (JAROG).

Background: We evaluated the efficacy of our quality assurance (QA) program of radiation therapy (RT) in a prospective phase II study. This is the first description of the experience of the Japan Radiation Oncology Group (JAROG) with this program.

Methods: Clinical records, all diagnostic radiological films or color photos that depicted the extent of disease of 37 patients with stage IEA extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) were collected for review.