Endovascular treatment for posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm with vertebral artery stenosis: The critical role of diagnosing osteophyte compression.

Background: Vertebral artery (VA) stenosis can be caused by several factors, including arteriosclerosis, arterial dissection, and mechanical compression. Symptomatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by VA stenosis due to mechanical compression associated with head rotation is well-known as Bow Hunter's syndrome. However, an accurate diagnosis of asymptomatic osteophyte compression-induced nonrotational VA stenosis is difficult.

Spinal Epidural Hematoma Due to Venous Congestion Caused by Nutcracker Syndrome.

The causes of spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) have been attributed to coagulopathy, trauma, vascular anomalies, and so forth. The incidence of vascular anomalies shown by digital subtraction angiography has been reported to be 15%, and most cases have been reported to be spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulae. SEH has rarely been caused by venous congestion.

Structure and performance of cationic assembly dispersed in amphoteric surfactants solution as a shampoo for hair damaged by coloring.

In recent years, hair coloring gains popularity as a trend of consumer's hair care. This coloring frequently damages hair. In response to this, a new shampoo-base was developed for repairing hair damaged by coloring.