Introduction of arteriovenous grafts with graft insertion anastomosis for hemodialysis access.

Objective: An arteriovenous bridging graft is a viable option for patients with compromised arteries or veins because of advanced age or diabetes. Arteriovenous graft with graft insertion anastomosis (AVGI) is the novel technique for graft-vein anastomosis where the prosthesis is inserted into the vein, and the anastomosis is performed on the surface of the prosthesis. This study assessed the short-term and long-term results of AVGI to clarify the efficacy of this technique.

Bactericidal activity of Ag-zeolite mediated by reactive oxygen species under aerated conditions.

The bactericidal activity induced by the introduction of silver ions into zeolite was studied. Escherichia coli was used as the test microorganism. Silver ions were loaded into zeolite by the ion-exchange method.

Solute-free versus electrolyte-free water clearance in the analysis of osmoregulation.

Background: Although attention has recently focused on electrolyte-free water clearance (E-CH2O) as a replacement for solute-free water clearance (CH2O), especially from the viewpoint of plasma sodium regulation, a thorough comparison of the two has yet to be conducted.

Methods: CH2O and E-CH2O were systematically compared in normal subjects in different diuretic stages, including furosemide-induced solute diuresis, and in patients with renal disease.

Results: The normal renal ability to conserve free water based on E-CH2O was only 41% of that based on CH2O.