Lamin A and Emerin Protein Expression Remains Consistently Low and Nuclear Size is Unchanged in Normal Endometrium, Precancerous Lesions, and Endometrioid Carcinoma.

Nuclear laminar or inner nuclear membrane proteins, including lamin A, B1, and B2 and emerin, are involved in maintaining nuclear morphology. However, their expression patterns vary among tumors and remain incompletely understood. Endometrioid carcinoma (EC) exhibits mild nuclear atypia, although the underlying reasons have not been thoroughly explored.

Continuous specimen cooling during slicing and thickness measurement contributes to improved accuracy in image analysis of pathologic specimens.

Unlabelled: We measured section thickness (ST) after slicing using a film thickness meter and investigated the relationship between ST and the percent area of positive staining using computer-assisted image analysis.

Methods: Sections were prepared from a paraffin-only block and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks containing fish sausage and human liver specimens. The ST was compared between the sections prepared with cooling using an ice pack (IP) or a continuous cooling device (CCD) paired with a sliding microtome set at an ST of 4 µm.

Decreased lamin A and B1 expression results in nuclear enlargement in serous ovarian carcinoma, whereas lamin A-expressing tumor cells metastasize to lymph nodes.

Background: Lamins, located beneath the nuclear membrane, are involved in maintaining nuclear stiffness and morphology. The nuclei of tumor cells are enlarged in serous carcinoma, a histologic subtype of ovarian cancer that is notable for its poor prognosis. The present study investigated the association of lamin A, B1, and B2 expression with nuclear morphology and metastatic route in serous ovarian carcinoma.

Results of Self-Sampling Methodology Impression for Cervical Cancer Screening in Mongolia.

Objective:  Mongolia is a sparsely populated country; however, almost fifty percent of the population lives in the capital city. Medical care services and exceptionally well-organized cervical cancer screening tests are limited in remote areas. To improve cervical cancer screening test coverage, we compared the interest between physicians taking samples and self-sampling among the attendees in this study.

Feasibility, safety and tolerability of the CREB-binding protein/β-catenin inhibitor OP-724 in patients with advanced primary biliary cholangitis: an investigator-initiated, open-label, non-randomised, two-centre, phase 1 study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of OP-724, a CREB-binding protein/β-catenin inhibitor, in patients with advanced primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).

Design: An open-label, non-randomised, phase 1 trial was conducted at two hospitals in Japan. Patients with advanced PBC classified as stage III or higher according to the Scheuer classification by liver biopsy between 4 September 2019 and 21 September 2021 were enrolled.

Phosphotungstic Acid-treated Picrosirius Red Staining Improves Whole-slide Quantitative Analysis of Collagen in Histological Specimens.

We tried to prevent nonspecific nuclear staining (NS-NS) of picrosirius red (PSR) staining by treating the specimens with one of the heteropoly acids phosphotungstic acid (PTA). We analyzed a total of 35 cases of non-cancerous liver tissue for fibrosis and NS-NS under PSR-alone, phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)-pretreated PSR (PMA + PSR), or PTA-pretreated PSR (PTA + PSR) condition. In addition, we analyzed the photosensitivity of PMA or PTA single stain specimens.

MicroRNA 182, 183, 200a, and 200b exhibit strong correlations but no involvement in PTEN protein regulation in uterine endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: In this study, we focused on five microRNAs (miRNAs) that have been reported to regulate phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene expression, namely miR-182, miR-183, miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-205, and examined their relationships with PTEN protein expression in endometrial cancer tissues.

Methods: By utilizing paraffin-embedded blocks of normal endometrium (NE) and endometrial carcinoma (EC) tissue (40 cases each), we measured the expression of miRNAs by real-time PCR. Conversely, we examined PTEN protein expression by immunohistochemistry and computer-assisted image analysis.

Safety, tolerability, and anti-fibrotic efficacy of the CBP/β-catenin inhibitor PRI-724 in patients with hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver cirrhosis: An investigator-initiated, open-label, non-randomised, multicentre, phase 1/2a study.

Background: We conducted an exploratory study to assess the safety tolerability, and anti-fibrotic effects of PRI-724, a CBP/β-catenin inhibitor, in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)- and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced cirrhosis.

Methods: This multicentre, open-label, non-randomised, non-placebo-controlled phase 1/2a trial was conducted at three hospitals in Japan. Between July 27, 2018, and July 13, 2021, we enrolled patients with HCV- and HBV-induced cirrhosis classified as Child-Pugh (CP) class A or B.

Role of Lamin A and emerin in maintaining nuclear morphology in different subtypes of ovarian epithelial cancer.

The nuclear lamina protein, Lamin A and inner nuclear membrane protein, emerin participate in maintaining nuclear morphology. However, their correlations with the nuclear shape in the four representative ovarian epithelial cancer subtypes, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSCa), clear cell carcinoma (CCCa), endometrioid carcinoma (EMCa) and mucinous carcinoma (MUCa), remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association between nuclear morphology and nuclear membrane protein expression in four histological subtypes of ovarian epithelial cancer.

Th1 polarization in the tumor microenvironment upregulates the myeloid-derived suppressor-like function of macrophages.

Here, we investigated the effect of Th1 polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) maturation and activation. In our immunotherapy mouse model, with a Th1-dominant TME, tumors regressed in all cases, with complete regression in 80% of the cases. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells and activated CD4 and CD8T-cells increased in the tumor-draining lymph node, and correlated with each other in the therapeutic model.

Computer-assisted image analysis of cytological specimens clarify the correlation between nuclear size and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions regardless of BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: The morphological features of nuclei in cytological and histological specimens were compared and examined for the presence of BRAFV600E mutation and the appearance rate of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (NI).

Methods: BRAFV600E mutation was identified using a mutation-specific antibody (clone; VE1) in 103 thyroid papillary carcinoma cases at Gunma University Hospital. The nuclear area, perimeter, and roundness of the corresponding cytological specimens and haematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens were analysed using image analysis software, and the appearance rate of NI was calculated and compared.

Antitumour Effects of Astaxanthin and Adonixanthin on Glioblastoma.

Several antitumour drugs have been isolated from natural products and many clinical trials are underway to evaluate their potential. There have been numerous reports about the antitumour effects of astaxanthin against several tumours but no studies into its effects against glioblastoma. Astaxanthin is a red pigment found in crustaceans and fish and is also synthesized in ; adonixanthin is an intermediate product of astaxanthin.

Phosphomolybdic Acid Prevents Nonspecific Nuclear Staining by Picrosirius Red but Is Converted to Molybdenum Blue by Blue Light.

Picrosirius red (PSR) staining is generally used to evaluate liver fibrosis; however, PSR sometimes causes nonspecific nuclear staining. In this study, we evaluated the ability of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) pretreatment to prevent nonspecific nuclear staining by PSR. In a manual evaluation of 27 non-tumor samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, nonspecific nuclear staining was observed in 3.

Metabolomic profiling of tumor-infiltrating macrophages during tumor growth.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are both key immunosuppressive cells that contribute to tumor growth. Metabolism and immunity of tumors depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the intracellular metabolism of MDSCs and TAMs during tumor growth remains unclear.

Temozolomide has anti-tumor effects through the phosphorylation of cPLA on glioblastoma cells.

Temozolomide is an alkylating agent used as the first line of treatment for glioblastoma. However, chemoresistance to temozolomide is common in glioma patients. In addition, there are likely many unknown mechanisms for the anti-tumor effects of temozolomide.

Image analysis of the nuclear characteristics of emerin protein and the correlation with nuclear grooves and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in lung adenocarcinoma.

Nuclear size and shape are important components in the diagnosis of pathological specimens. However, a qualitative evaluation is typically applied rather than a quantitative evaluation technique. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the nuclear morphological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma using whole-slide imaging (WSI) and computer-assisted image analysis (IA).

Human papillomavirus genotyping among women with cervical abnormalities in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Objectives: Few studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) have been conducted in Mongolia. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalent HPV genotypes and their associations with cytology and demographic and behavioral characteristics in Mongolian women with cervical abnormalities.

Methods: Exfoliated cell samples of 100 women who had a previous history of cervical abnormality were collected.

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Arising from a Bronchogenic Cyst of the Diaphragm.

Introduction: Bronchogenic cysts may rupture or become infected, and malignant degeneration may occur. Although various types of malignant degeneration have been described, only a few reports of mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from a bronchogenic cyst have been published. We report such a case.