Cooperative DNA probing using a beta-cyclodextrin-DNA conjugate and a nucleobase-specific fluorescent ligand.

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) base on the target is displayed at a gap in a ternary duplex carrying beta-cyclodextrin-modified DNA. A stable tandem duplex forms regardless of the type of SNP base. A nucleobase-specific ligand is then added to this system.

Use of allyl, 2-tetrahydrofuryl, and 2-tetrahydropyranyl ethers as useful C3-, C4-, and C5-carbon sources: palladium-catalyzed allylation of aldehydes.

Palladium-diethylzinc or palladium-triethylborane catalytically promotes self-allylation of 2-(allyloxy)tetrahydrofurans, 2-(allyloxy)tetrahydropyrans, and their hydroxy derivatives on the rings (ribose, glucose, mannose, deoxyribose, deoxyglucose). All the reactions proceed at room temperature and provide polyhydroxyl products, sharing a structural motif of a homoallyl alcohol, in good to excellent yields with high levels of stereoselectivity. Useful C3-unit elongation, which makes the best use of an allyl ether as a protecting group and a nucleophilic allylation agent, is demonstrated.

Palladium-catalyzed allylation of imines with allyl alcohols.

A catalytic system, Pd(OAc)2 (10 mol %)-P(n-Bu)3 (20 mol %)-Et3B (360 mol %), promotes allylic alcohols to undergo the allylation of anisidine-imines of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and furnishes homoallylamines in good to moderate yields. The reaction shows unique stereoselectivity, giving anti-isomers selectively. [reaction: see text]

Nickel-Catalyzed Homoallylation of Aldehydes and Ketones with 1,3-Dienes and Complementary Promotion by Diethylzinc or Triethylborane.

Regio- and stereoselective homoallylation of saturated aldehydes and ketones to give bishomoallyl alcohols 1,3-anti-1 is achieved with [Ni(acac) ] (cat.) and Et Zn [Eq. (a)].