Efficacy of perioperative oral care management in the prevention of surgical complications in 503 patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy for resectable malignant tumor: A multicenter retrospective analysis using propensity score matching.

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy has been associated with a high mortality rate and significant postoperative morbidity. Recently, perioperative oral care management has been reported to be effective in preventing postoperative pneumonia and surgical site infection. In this study, we examined the effect of perioperative oral care management in reducing complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy, including surgical site infection.

Hangeshashinto for prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized phase II study.

Purpose: Oral mucositis (OM) is a side effect associated with cancer treatment. Hangeshashinto (HST), a Kampo medicine, was originally prescribed to treat diarrhea, gastritis, and stomatitis. Several reports have described the effects of HST for OM induced by chemotherapy in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer.

Effects of anti-mouse RANKL antibody on orthodontic tooth movement in mice.

Background/purpose: Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by alveolar bone remodeling, and therefore the balance of bone resorption and formation is important. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) plays a crucial role in bone resorption. We previously reported that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is also important in bone resorption during tooth movement.

A preliminary study of suppression of candida infection by miconazole mucoadhesive tablets in oral or oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Elevated numbers of candida in the oral cavity often lead to oral candidiasis development in patients undergoing radiotherapy for oral or oropharyngeal cancer. This study aimed to verify the effect of miconazole mucoadhesive tablets on suppression of oral candida infection during radiotherapy. For this preliminary interventional study, miconazole mucoadhesive tablets were attached to the oral mucosa for 14 days from when grade 2 oral mucositis appeared in patients with oral or oropharyngeal cancer receiving radiotherapy, and the incidence of oral candidiasis was investigated.

Preventive effects of betamethasone valerate ointment for radiation-induced severe oral mucositis in patients with oral or oropharyngeal cancer: protocol for a multicentre, phase II, randomised controlled trial (Bet-ROM study).

Introduction: This is a randomised, multi-centre, open-label, phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of betamethasone valerate ointment on radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concomitant radiotherapy with cisplatin or cetuximab.

Methods And Analysis: The trial will take place at seven hospitals in Japan. Patients will be randomised (1:1) into betamethasone and control groups after the occurrence of grade 1 oral mucositis.

Prevention of dental caries by regular overnight application of a low-concentration fluoride gel loaded in a custom tray in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A preliminary study.

Background: Some studies have reported topical application of 1.0%-2.0% fluoride gel in a custom tray for 4-5 minutes every day for the prevention of radiation-related dental caries.

Effects of a bioadhesive barrier-forming oral liquid on pain due to radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: A randomized crossover, preliminary study.

Background/purpose: Bioadhesive barrier-forming oral liquid, is a recently developed medical material for the management of pain caused by oral mucositis associated with cancer radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this liquid in relieving pain resulting from radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.

Materials And Methods: This randomized, crossover trial investigated the analgesic effects of bioadhesive barrier-forming oral liquid using dexamethasone ointment as a control.

Evaluation of the efficacy of low concentration fluoride gel using custom trays to prevent radiation-related dental caries in patients with head and neck cancer: protocol for a randomised controlled phase III trial (FluCar study).

Introduction: The present study is a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase III study, to evaluate the efficacy of low concentration of fluoride gel, applied using custom trays, in preventing radiation-related dental caries in patients with head and neck cancer who have undergone or are undergoing radiotherapy.

Methods And Analysis: Patients will be randomised into fluoride and control groups (1:1 ratio). In the fluoride group, patients will wear custom trays loaded with 0.

Risk factors associated with the development of aspiration pneumonia in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: retrospective study.

Background: Patients with head and neck cancer who are receiving radiotherapy can develop aspiration pneumonia. Determination of the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and the associated risk factors could facilitate the identification of high-risk patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we determined the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in 357 patients receiving radiotherapy along with oral care for head and neck cancer.

Effects of the changes in the condylar long axis angle and condylar position on temporomandibular symptoms after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy: a preliminary study.

Objective: This study was conducted to characterize the effects of the changes in the condylar long axis and position on temporomandibular symptoms with respect proximal segment position after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO).

Study Design: Twenty Japanese patients with diagnosed jaw deformity underwent IVRO without internal fixation. Long-term changes in condylar long axis and position were assessed during postoperative follow-up examinations by using computed tomography, and t tests were performed for comparison.

Effects of perioperative oral care on prevention of postoperative pneumonia after lung resection: Multicenter retrospective study with propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Postoperative pneumonia can be a fatal complication that may occur after lung resection in cancer patients. Some reports have shown that the incidence of postoperative pneumonia is decreased after esophageal surgery by perioperative oral care; however, there exist no data to suggest that a lack of perioperative oral care can be a risk factor for postoperative pneumonia after lung resection. To investigate the association between the preventive effect of oral care and postoperative pneumonia, we conducted a multicenter, retrospective study of lung cancer patients who underwent lung resection.

A retrospective study of factors associated with the development of oral candidiasis in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: Is topical steroid therapy a risk factor for oral candidiasis?

The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence and risk factors for oral candidiasis in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, and to determine the influence of topical steroid therapy on the development of oral candidiasis.We conducted a retrospective study of 300 patients receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck region. The primary endpoint was the incidence of oral candidiasis during radiotherapy.

Sanguiin H-6, a constituent of Rubus parvifolius L., inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and prevents tumor necrosis factor-α-induced osteoclast formation in vivo.

Background: Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells that differentiate in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). Enhanced osteoclastogenesis contributes to bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Rubus parvifolius L.

IL-12 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Osteoclastogenesis in Mice.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is related to osteoclastogenesis in osteolytic diseases. Interleukin- (IL-) 12 is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in host defense. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-12 on LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Effect of cytokines on osteoclast formation and bone resorption during mechanical force loading of the periodontal membrane.

Mechanical force loading exerts important effects on the skeleton by controlling bone mass and strength. Several in vivo experimental models evaluating the effects of mechanical loading on bone metabolism have been reported. Orthodontic tooth movement is a useful model for understanding the mechanism of bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading.

Immunological reaction in TNF-α-mediated osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo.

Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) is a cytokine produced by monocytes, macrophages, and T cells and is induced by pathogens, endotoxins, or related substances. TNF- α may play a key role in bone metabolism and is important in inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Cells directly involved in osteoclastogenesis include macrophages, which are osteoclast precursor cells, osteoblasts, or stromal cells.

Inhibitory effect of interferon-γ on experimental tooth movement in mice.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ on experimental tooth movement in mice using a murine experimental tooth movement model. An Ni-Ti closed-coil spring was inserted between the upper-anterior alveolar bones and the upper-left first molars in mice. We evaluated the relationship between local Ifn-γ mRNA levels and orthodontic tooth movement.

Inhibitory effects of IL-12 on experimental tooth movement and root resorption in mice.

Objective: Interleukin (IL)-12 is an important cytokine for innate and adaptive immunity. We previously reported that IL-12 inhibits tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated osteoclast formation by inducing apoptosis. We also reported that TNF-α plays an important role in mechanical loading-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.

IL-12- and IL-18-mediated, nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in TNF-α-mediated osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow cells.

TNF-α has been recognized as an important factor for osteoclastogenesis and plays an important role in bone resorption under pathological conditions. IL-12 and IL-18, which are T-cell mediators, are also important inflammatory cytokines. We have reported that IL-12 and IL-18 induce apoptosis in bone marrow cells treated with TNF-α in vitro and that osteoclastogenesis is inhibited by the interaction of TNF-α-induced Fas and the IL-12-induced Fas ligand (FasL).

IFN-γ directly inhibits TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo and induces apoptosis mediated by Fas/Fas ligand interactions.

Cytokines secreted by T cells play a pivotal role in inflammatory bone destruction. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a major proinflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages following T cell activation, and directly promotes osteoclast differentiation resulting in accelerated bone resorption. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) attenuates RANKL-initiated cellular signals through osteoclast formation and counterbalances aberrant bone resorption.

IL-18 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced osteoclastogenesis possibly via a T cell-independent mechanism in synergy with IL-12 in vivo.

It has recently been reported that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has the ability to accelerate osteoclastogenesis. We previously reported that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-18 inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cultures. In the present study, the effect of IL-18 on TNF-alpha-mediated osteoclastogenesis was investigated in vivo.

Influence of bisphosphonates on orthodontic tooth movement in mice.

Mechanical stress such as orthodontic tooth movement induces osteoclastogenesis. Sometimes, excessive mechanical stress results in root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. It has been reported that bisphosphonate inhibits osteoclastogenesis.

An M-CSF receptor c-Fms antibody inhibits mechanical stress-induced root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement in mice.

Objective: To examine the effect of anti-c-Fms antibody on odontoclastogenesis and root resorption in an orthodontic tooth movement mouse model.

Materials And Methods: We used orthodontic tooth movement in which an Ni-Ti coil spring was inserted between the upper incisors and the upper first molar. Root resorption occurred in this model.

IL-12 inhibits TNF-alpha induced osteoclastogenesis via a T cell-independent mechanism in vivo.

It has been reported that TNF-alpha plays an important role in bone resorption in pathological conditions. IL-12, which is a T cell mediator, is also an important inflammatory cytokine. We previously reported that IL-12 induces apoptosis in bone marrow cells treated with TNF-alpha in vitro via an interaction between TNF-alpha-induced Fas and IL-12-induced Fas ligand (FasL), and that, as a result, osteoclastogenesis is inhibited.

Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the effect of different continuous moderate to very heavy forces on root resorption or amount of tooth movement.

Materials And Methods: In the study, 10, 25, 50 and 100 g mesial force were applied to the maxillary first molars of rat using nickel titanium closed-coil springs for 3 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The molars were extracted and the surface areas of the root resorption craters were measured using scanning electron microscope.