Effective elimination of contaminants after oral care in elderly institutionalized individuals.

After mechanical cleaning in oral care, eliminating residual oral contaminants has an important role in preventing their aspiration, especially in individuals with weak airway protection. We examined the effectiveness of wiping the oral cavity after oral care on eliminating contaminants in 31 patients who were hospitalized in our neurology inpatient unit. The amount of bacteria on the tongue, palate, and buccal vestibule was counted before and just after oral care, after eliminating contaminants either by rinsing with water and suction or by wiping with mouth wipes, and 1 h after oral care.

Studies on Japanese botryllid ascidians. V. A new species of the genus Botrylloides very similar to Botrylloides simodensis in morphology.

Botrylloides simodensis, belonging to the family Botryllidae, is a common species on the rocky shore around Shimoda. Since this species was first reported in 1981, it has been noticed that some B. simodensis colonies have distinctly different ground colors and color patterns from colonies including type specimens (holotype and all of paratypes) of B.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses, based on dopamine D2-receptor occupancy of bromocriptine, of bromocriptine-induced contralateral rotations in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.

Bromocriptine is a selective agonist for dopamine D2-receptors and is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we performed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analyses of the antiparkinsonian effect of bromocriptine and evaluated drug-induced contralateral rotations in rats in which unilateral striatal lesions had been generated by microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle. The plasma concentration (Cp) and D2 receptor occupancy (Phi(D2)) were quantitated by HPLC and with an in vivo back-titration method using [(3)H]-raclopride, respectively.