Publications by authors named "Masaki Shiota"
Background: In Japan, since 2014, new treatments such as androgen receptor signaling inhibitors and cabazitaxel have become applicable for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), leading to dramatic changes in treatment options.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of recent advancements in treatment options on the overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) in Japan.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2450 Japanese men diagnosed with de novo mCSPC between 2008 and 2018.
Prostate cancer (PC) growth is hormone-dependent and it frequently develops distant metastases as disease progresses. Patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) but eventually become refractory and develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Castration-resistance is associated with high lethality and metastases confer poor prognosis, therefore unmet needs in treatment for mCSPC remain high.
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- - The study examined the outcomes of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in post-chemotherapy patients with nonseminomatous testicular germ-cell tumors at Kyushu University Hospital between 2016 and 2024.
- - A total of 13 patients participated, with median tumor sizes of 11 mm, and the procedure showed low median blood loss (27 mL) and no severe complications.
- - The results indicate that laparoscopic RPLND is a safe and effective minimally invasive option for selected patients, with no recurrence noted during a median follow-up of 18.6 months.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to improve predictions of castration resistance in advanced prostate cancer during primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) by combining genetic and clinical data using machine learning techniques.
- Researchers utilized clinical data and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Japanese patients treated in the KYUCOG-1401-A study and tested multiple machine learning algorithms, finding that the point-wise linear (PWL) algorithm provided the best predictive performance.
- Results indicated that models incorporating SNPs outperformed clinical data alone in predicting outcomes, showing promise for better treatment choices in advanced prostate cancer management.
Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing has emerged as a novel tool for cancer precision medicine. This study investigated the genomic profiling and clinical utility of ctDNA in metastatic prostate cancer.
Methods: This is a nation-wide prospective observational study.
Purpose: No study has compared cancer regression (d) and growth (g) rates in patients with advanced castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) treated with androgen deprivation therapy. The comparison of d and g rates provides insight into the differential impact of ADT regimens on tumor dynamics, potentially guiding more personalized treatment strategies. Therefore, we aimed to estimate these rates and evaluate their impact on survival outcomes.
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- * Researchers enrolled patients who underwent robotic prostate surgery, categorizing tumor locations based on pathology and imaging results, and assessed the effectiveness of side-specific lymph node removal.
- * Results showed high detection accuracy for positive lymph nodes with a targeted approach, suggesting that tumor location-guided surgical strategies may lower the need for more extensive procedures while maintaining acceptable risk levels.
Background: Undetectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an obstacle to performing comprehensive genomic profiling in daily practice to identify genomic alterations. We investigated the associations between clinicopathological factors and undetectable ctDNA using a commercially available comprehensive genomic profiling assay in metastatic prostate cancer.
Patients And Methods: Patients treated with systemic treatment for metastatic prostate cancer were included.
Background/aim: In patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), upfront treatment intensification with the addition of new hormonal agents and/or docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is recommended. However, this modality is potentially excessive in a subset of these patients. This study aimed to identify patients who may be eligible to omit upfront treatment intensification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutophagy induction in cancer is involved in cancer progression and the acquisition of resistance to anticancer agents. Therefore, autophagy is considered a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. In this study, we found that long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) have inhibitory effects on Atg4B, which is essential for autophagosome formation, through screening based on the pharmacophore of 21f, a recently developed Atg4B inhibitor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOur objective was to investigate the long-term functional outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) combined with three-dimensional (3D) imaging. The 3D images, reconstructed using computed tomography, were introduced in RAPN procedures. The demographic, oncological, functional, and volumetric outcomes of 296 patients who underwent RAPN with and without 3D imaging between 2013 and 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.
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- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used medications that may affect cancer treatment outcomes, particularly in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) receiving androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs).
- A study compared the effects of PPI usage on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in two groups of mCRPC patients, finding that those not using PPIs (PPI-) had better PFS and OS rates than those using them (PPI+).
- Results indicated that the PPI- group had higher PSA response rates, suggesting that PPIs may reduce the effectiveness of ARSIs in cancer treatment, warranting further research to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Article Synopsis
- * A total of 383 patients were analyzed, revealing that those with persistent PSA levels post-surgery had significantly shorter castration resistance-free survival (CRFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) compared to those with non-persistent levels.
- * The findings suggest that stratifying patients by PSA levels can help tailor postoperative treatment, with patients experiencing better outcomes when receiving a combination of androgen deprivation therapy and radiotherapy if their PSA levels are high.
Article Synopsis
- A multicenter study in Japan analyzed 515 patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) to determine the best PSA doubling time (PSADT) cut-off for prognosis.
- The study found that a PSADT of less than 4.65 months is a significant predictor for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), indicating worse outcomes.
- Patients receiving novel hormonal therapy (NHT) had better progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those on older treatments, highlighting the benefits of newer treatment options.
Article Synopsis
- A study analyzed changes in initial treatments for prostate cancer in Japan using two nationwide surveys conducted in 2010 and between 2016-2018.
- The results showed an increase in radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) as initial treatments compared to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with significant changes noted in older patients and those with high-risk cancer.
- Overall, RP became the most common initial treatment for prostate cancer in Japan, indicating a shift in treatment preferences over the years.
Article Synopsis
- - This study explores how androgen receptor (AR)-targeting therapy leads to oxidative stress in prostate cancer, focusing on the underlying mechanisms of this stress induction.
- - Researchers found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to AR inhibition are linked to peroxisomes and specifically involve the PPARA gene, which is activated during this process.
- - Targeting PPARα, through gene silencing or small molecule inhibitors, enhances cancer cell sensitivity to antiandrogens like enzalutamide, suggesting a potential new therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer treatment.
Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are widely used for cancer treatment, including advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to investigate the impact of zygosity in HLA genes and individual HLA genotypes on the efficacy of an anti-PD-1 Ab, nivolumab, in treating advanced RCC. Patient enrollment was conducted across 23 institutions in Japan from August 19, 2019, to September 30, 2020, with follow-up concluding on March 31, 2021.
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- Androgen receptor signaling is key for prostate cancer treatment resistance, particularly in the context of increased expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3βHSDs), with 3βHSD1 being notably involved in this process.
- Castration-resistant tumors show elevated 3βHSD levels, highlighting their role in resistance to androgen receptor inhibitors and linking them to the regulation of the enzyme through various factors.
- The HSD3B1 genotype, especially the rs1047303 variant, affects treatment outcomes and emphasizes the potential for personalized medicine, suggesting that targeting 3βHSDs could be an effective approach for improving prostate cancer therapy.
Background/aim: Obesity is correlated with an increased risk of developing malignancies, including prostate cancer. Adipocytokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, are a family of hormones derived from adipose tissue that are involved not only in metabolism, but also in the development and progression of various malignancies. However, little is known about their role in prostate cancer.
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