[The Analgesic Sparing Effect of Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Management after Pediatric Surgery on the Body Surface].

Background: It is reported that ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspertate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can provide analgesic effect improving postoperative pain management and decrease the supplementary analgesic requirement. We investigated the analgesic sparing effect of ketamine for postoperative pain in children undergoing surgery of body surface.

Methods: Fifty eight patients (0-9 yrs) who had surgery of body surface were divided into two groups (ketamine : n = 27, Group K or control : n = 31, Group N).

[The Influence of Flurbiprofen on the Frequency of Postoperative Shivering].

Background: Many methods to prevent postoperative shivering (POS) has been reported. However, there are few reports demonstrating the effect of flurbiprofen on POS which affects the set point in the thermocenter of the hypothalamus.

Methods: One hundred and forty six patients undergoing lung lobectomy or segmentectomy under video-assisted thoracic surgery were divided into a flurbiprofen-treated group (Group F) and a non-treated group (Group N).

[Efficacy of oral balance gel for dry mouth in preoperative patients].

Background: Following anticholinergic premedication and preoperative fasting, preoperative patients with a potential xerostomia have complaints associated with oral dryness. Xerostomia may lead to risk of mucosal burning and secondary infection. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the effect of oral balance gel on dryness of the mouth in preoperative patients.

Lack of opiate effects on cat C polymodal nociceptive fibers.

The direct application of preservative-free morphine sulfate (1.5%, 1 ml, 19.8 mumol) or fentanyl (0.