SGLT2 inhibitors increase low serum magnesium levels in patients with chronic kidney disease immediately after treatment.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown in clinical trials to increase serum Mg levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is unclear whether this effect is similarly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and whether such an increase is observed immediately after treatment.

Methods: Our retrospective observational study included the 62 patients with CKD who started SGLT2 inhibitor therapy at our institution between 2017 and 2022 and who had complete data on serum Mg measurements at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment.

Overlapping Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and C3 Glomerulopathy with Mutation in CFI in a Japanese Patient: A Case Report.

A 34-year-old Japanese man presented with blurred vision, headache, nausea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and severe renal dysfunction. Thrombotic microangiopathy was initially suspected to have been caused by malignant hypertension. Antihypertensive medications did not improve his thrombocytopenia or renal dysfunction, and other diseases causing thrombotic microangiopathy were ruled out.

Bisphosphonate FYB-931 Prevents High Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification in Rat Aortic Rings by Altering the Dynamics of the Transformation of Calciprotein Particles.

Patients with chronic kidney disease develop vascular calcification, owing to impaired calcium and phosphate metabolism. The prevention of vascular calcification is important to improve the prognosis of such patients. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with FYB-931, a novel bisphosphonate compound, prevents vascular calcification in rat aortic rings cultured in high-phosphate medium for 9 days, assessed by measurement of the calcium content and the degree of calcium deposition, visualized using von Kossa staining.

Crystal Growth and Characterization of n-GaN in a Multiple Quantum Shell Nanowire-Based Light Emitter with a Tunnel Junction.

Here, we systematically investigated the growth conditions of an n-GaN cap layer for nanowire-based light emitters with a tunnel junction. Selective-area growth of multiple quantum shell (MQS)/nanowire core-shell structures on a patterned n-GaN/sapphire substrate was performed by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy, followed by the growth of a p-GaN, an n/ p-GaN tunnel junction, and an n-GaN cap layer. Specifically, two-step growth of the n-GaN cap layer was carried out under various growth conditions to determine the optimal conditions for a flat n-GaN cap layer.

Association between serum lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Risks of mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are significantly higher in hemodialysis (HD) patients than in the general population, where dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for CVD and mortality. There is no clear conclusion, however, whether dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for CVD and mortality in HD patients. Similarly, the association between the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the mortality is not clear in HD patients.

Excessive ADAM17 activation occurs in uremic patients and may contribute to their immunocompromised status.

Introduction: We previously reported that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-klotho signaling plays a role in B cell immunity. Despite high serum levels of FGF23, a decline in immunity is frequently observed in patients on hemodialysis (HD); thus, abnormalities in the FGF23-klotho signaling pathway in immune cells may occur in these patients.

Methods: We analyzed the number of klotho-positive cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 male and 6 female patients on HD and 5 healthy male subjects using flow cytometry.

Active vitamin D and vitamin D analogs stimulate fibroblast growth factor 23 production in osteocyte-like cells via the vitamin D receptor.

Osteocytes play an important role in the regulation of serum phosphorus by producing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 production is stimulated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in osteocytes. However, it is unclear whether vitamin D induces FGF23 production in osteocytes directly.

Correlation between haemoglobin level and type of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent at initiation of haemodialysis.

Background Renal anaemia worsens because of the uraemic status immediately before the initiation of haemodialysis. The haemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease is correlated with cardiovascular disease and mortality. Objective This study was performed to determine whether short- and long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are correlated with the pre-haemodialysis haemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease.

An Analysis of Medication Adherence and Patient Preference in Long-term Stable Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in Japan.

Objective This follow-up survey report describes medication adherence and patient preferences, beliefs, and expectations of maintenance hemodialysis treatment in Japan. Methods This patient-reported questionnaire-based survey was conducted in six regions in Japan from September 2016 to November 2016. Patients The questionnaire was provided to 700 patients (50-79 years old) on maintenance hemodialysis for >3 years who were members of the Japan Association of Kidney Disease Patients.

[The prevention and treatment of vascular calcification.].

We had called the various bone disorder in chronic kidney disease(CKD)as a "ROD:renal osteodystrophy" until last decade. However the concept of ROD have changed into the chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disease(CKD-MBD)within this decade. This concept is containing systemic disorder affected mortality.

Intravenous Maxacalcitol Therapy Correlates with Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels in Hemodialysis Patients Independent of Serum Phosphate or Calcium Levels.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a regulator of phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis that carries out primary bone- and mineral-related physiological functions to increase renal phosphate excretion and reduce 1α-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In a negative endocrine feedback loop, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D also stimulates FGF23 secretion. Previous studies have assessed the correlation between vitamin D receptor activator therapy and FGF23 concentrations, and to our knowledge, none has assessed the correlation between intravenous (i.

A Survey of Drug Burden in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis in Japan.

Objective This report presents a part of a survey pertaining to drug burden in maintenance hemodialysis patients in Japan. Methods A patient-reported questionnaire-based survey was conducted from September to November 2016 in six regions in Japan. Patients A total of 700 patients (50-79 years old) on maintenance hemodialysis for >3 years and members of the Japan Association of Kidney Disease Patients (JAKDP) were provided with the questionnaire.

Dietary Changes Involving Bifidobacterium longum and Other Nutrients Delays Chronic Kidney Disease Progression.

Background: Recent studies suggest that prebiotic and/or probiotic treatments ameliorate kidney function in humans and animals by improving the gut environment. However, the gut microbiota and kidney disease interactions remain to be determined. This study investigated whether synbiotics modulate the gut microbiota and ameliorate kidney function using a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Acute kidney injury: Epidemiology, outcomes, complications, and therapeutic strategies.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common serious complications for all hospital admissions, with its incidence increasing among hospitalized patients, particularly those in the intensive care unit. Despite significant improvements in critical care and dialysis technology, AKI is associated with an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and dialysis dependence. These risks are particularly relevant for critically ill patients with AKI severe enough to require renal replacement therapy (RRT).

FGF23 modulates the effects of erythropoietin on gene expression in renal epithelial cells.

Background: FGF23 plays an important role in calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Other roles of FGF23 have recently been reported, such as commitment to myocardium enlargement and immunological roles in the spleen. In this study, we aimed to identify the roles of FGF23 in the kidneys other than calcium-phosphorus metabolism.

Severe refractory infection due to renocolic fistula in a patient with a giant kidney and ADPKD undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

Renocolic fistula is rare. Renal cyst infection is a serious complication in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We present a case of refractory renal cyst infection due to renocolic fistula in a patient with ADPKD.

Magnesium prevents phosphate-induced vascular calcification via TRPM7 and Pit-1 in an aortic tissue culture model.

Previous clinical and experimental studies have indicated that magnesium may prevent vascular calcification (VC), but mechanistic characterization has not been reported. This study investigated the influence of increasing magnesium concentrations on VC in a rat aortic tissue culture model. Aortic segments from male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated in serum-supplemented high-phosphate medium for 10 days.

Expression and localization of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 and Klotho in the spleen: its physiological and functional implications.

The FGF23-Klotho signaling axis is known to exert anti-aging effects via calcium-phosphorus metabolism. In mice deficient in FGF23-Klotho signaling, however, the number of splenocytes is reduced. FGF23 is expressed in both bone and spleen, with regulation of its production differing in these organs.

Preventive Strategies for Vascular Calcification in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Vascular calcification is significant because of the close association between the degree of vascular calcification and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Summary: There are 2 types of vascular calcification in CKD patients. One is endothelial vascular calcification, a common type of vascular calcification.

Calcium Overload Accelerates Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification Via Pit-1, but not the Calcium-Sensing Receptor.

Aim: Vascular calcification (VC) is a risk factor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD-mineral and bone metabolism disorder is an important problem in patients with renal failure. Abnormal levels of serum phosphate and calcium affect CKD-mineral and bone metabolism disorder and contribute to bone disease, VC, and cardiovascular disease.

Effects of Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy on the Clinical and Histopathological Findings, Particularly Crescent Formation, in a Patient with Adult-onset Steroid-refractory Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis.

A 29-year-old woman was diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) based on the presence of purpura and histopathological findings showing crescent formation, mesangial proliferation and IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangium. She was treated with high-dose steroids; however, the nephritic syndrome persisted. Therefore, we diagnosed her with steroid-resistant HSPN and decided to add treatment with cyclosphamide pulse therapy.

Mineral Composition of Phosphate-Induced Calcification in a Rat Aortic Tissue Culture Model.

Aim: High phosphorus conditions promote vascular calcification (VC) in both chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and experimental models. However, the composition of medial calcification has not been accurately determined, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the mineral composition of calcification in a tissue culture model, not a cell culture system.

Methods: Aortic rings obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated in serum-supplemented medium for 10 days.

Safety and efficacy evaluation of lanthanum carbonate for hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease patients.

In end-stage renal disease patients, various abnormalities of bone mineral metabolism adversely affect mortality. Hyperphosphatemia is known to adversely affect mortality and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients and has been shown to be involved not only in the onset and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism but also in vascular calcification. Thus, hyperphosphatemia is the main treatment target indicated in several guidelines for chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder treatment.