A clinical case of CACNA1S-related muscle weakness in a Holstein calf with congenital astasia diagnosed by a genotyping test of stored blood.

A homozygous calf with CACNA1S-related muscle weakness, a new autosomal recessive congenital disorder in Holstein cattle, was identified by genotyping 195 stored blood samples from Holstein calves aged less than 12 months. The patient was an 8-day-old male calf with congenital astasia which presented to a university hospital in 2019. The patient was unable to maintain an upright position with assistance to stand.

A clinical case of enzootic bovine leukosis in a Holstein cow with minor clonality of B-cell in the peripheral blood.

A 4-year 9-month-old Holstein-Friesian dairy cow presented with anorexia. On physical examination, swelling of superficial lymph nodes, pelvic masses, and prolonged urination posture after urinating a small amount were noted. Hematological examination revealed no lymphocytosis.

A clinical case of B-cell lymphoma in a Japanese Black cow with monoclonal proliferation of B-cells as revealed by polymerase chain reaction based on the immunoglobulin light chain gene.

A 35-month-old Japanese Black cow was presented to a local veterinarian with a main complaint of premature labor. There was no swelling of lymph nodes on the body surface and no palpable mass on rectal examination. Although atypical lymphocytes were observed in the peripheral blood, no lymphocytosis was recorded.

Infection with bovine leukemia virus belonging to group A or B-1 contributes more strongly to the development of enzootic bovine leukosis in young cattle than the presence of bovine lymphocyte antigen-DRB3 susceptibility alleles.

In this study, we compared the effects of different bovine leukemia virus (BLV) strains and bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) aged either <3 years or ≥3 years. The frequency of infection with BLV belonging to group A or B-1 in cattle aged <3 years with EBL was significantly higher than that in cattle aged ≥3 years, regardless of which BoLA-DRB3 allele was present. This suggests that infection with group A or B-1 BLV contributes more strongly to the development of EBL in young cattle than the presence of early-EBL-onset susceptibility BoLA-DRB3 alleles.

A clinical case of lymphoma with hindlimb paresis due to mass formation in the spinal canal in a Japanese Black cow.

A 5-year-old Japanese Black cow presented with astasia. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was detected in the peripheral blood with lower proviral load (PVL). No enlargement of surface lymph nodes or lymphocytosis was observed.

Three cases of paresis due to vertebral abscess in Shiba goats in Japan.

Three Shiba goats aged 1 to 7 years kept in Ibaraki prefecture in Japan were presented with chief complaint of lumbar paralysis or gait abnormalities. As cerebrospinal setariasis were suspected in all cases at the first stage, ivermectin was administered to treat, but the response was insufficient. Necropsy revealed abscess formation on the ventral side of the spine at T5 in Case 1, T5-6 in Case 2, and C7-T1 in Case 3, causing compression of the spinal cord in all three cases.

Monoclonal proliferation of B-cells with two integration sites of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis.

The present study analyzed B-cell clonality and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) provirus integration sites in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) having BLV proviral copy numbers less or greater than the number of bovine nucleated cells. EBL cattle with BLV copy numbers less than the number of bovine nucleated cells showed monoclonal and biclonal proliferation of B-cells with one BLV provirus integration site. On the other hand, EBL cattle with BLV copy numbers greater than the number of bovine nucleated cells showed monoclonal proliferation of B-cells with two BLV provirus integration sites.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with DNA copy number changes in a Japanese black calf.

A 2-month-old Japanese Black calf exhibited mandibular and superficial cervical lymph node swelling. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the superficial cervical lymph node revealed large lymphoblast-like cells with mitoses. Hematological examination revealed remarkable lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes.

Enzootic bovine leukosis caused by bovine leukemia virus classified as Group C based on viral whole genome sequencing in a 23-month-old Holstein-Friesian heifer.

A 23-month-old Holstein-Friesian heifer presented with inactivity and diarrhea. On physical examination, no enlargement of superficial lymph nodes was observed. Hematological examination revealed lymphocytosis.

BoLA-DRB3*15:01 allele is associated with susceptibility to early enzootic bovine leukosis onset in Holstein-Friesian and Japanese Black cattle.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is typically observed in cattle older than 3 years, but some cases of onset in cattle younger than 3 years have been reported in Japan. BoLA-DRB3 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to EBL onset. However, little is known about the relationship between the polymorphisms and EBL onset in young cattle.

Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome sequence of bovine leukemia virus in cattle under 3 years old with enzootic bovine leukosis.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is one of bovine neoplasms caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Although EBL is typically observed in cattle over 3 years old, several cases of EBL onset in cattle under 3 years old have been reported in Japan. The mechanism for EBL onset in young cattle remains unclear.

Enzootic bovine leukosis in a 21-month-old Japanese Black cow with high susceptibility.

A 21-mo-old Japanese Black beef cow had swollen mandibular and superficial cervical lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the superficial cervical lymph node revealed large lymphoblasts with mitoses present. The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load was relatively high, and phylogenetic analysis of the whole BLV genome classified the BLV strain as one with high viral replication activity.

Abnormal clonalities of B-lymphocytes in bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle with persistent lymphocytosis.

Peripheral B-lymphocyte clonality of 274 bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle with lymphocytosis was analyzed using clonality PCR based on sequences of the variable region of the bovine immunoglobulin H chain. None of the cattle showed monoclonal proliferation, while 10, 31, and 233 showed minor-clonal, oligoclonal, and polyclonal proliferation, respectively. A total of 163 cattle were analyzable the following year, and lymphocytosis was maintained in 157, indicating persistent lymphocytosis (PL).

Analysis of the bone morphogenetic protein 6 gene promoter region in young beef cattle affected by enzootic bovine leukosis.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is typically observed in cattle over 3 years old. However, some cases of EBL onset in young beef cattle have been reported in Japan. The mechanism for early EBL onset is unclear.

A clinical case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a Holstein cow.

A 2-year, 3-month-old Holstein cow presented with anorexia and enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the superficial lymph nodes revealed large blast cells. Hematological examination revealed anemia, neutropenia, and blast cells in peripheral blood.

Acute monoblastic leukemia in a feline leukemia virus-negative cat.

A 12-year-old female domestic short-haired cat was presented due to weight loss, anorexia, and tachypnea. Complete blood count revealed severe anemia, leukocytosis with massive undifferentiated blast cells, and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration showed acute myeloid leukemia, subclassified as monoblastic leukemia (M5a) based on the outcomes of the cytochemistry examinations.

Quantitative analysis of the BRAF V595E mutation in plasma cell-free DNA from dogs with urothelial carcinoma.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which carries tumor-specific mutations, is an emerging candidate biomarker for malignancies and for monitoring disease status in various human tumors. Recently, BRAF V595E mutation has been reported in 80% of dogs with urothelial carcinoma. This study investigates the BRAF V595E allele concentration in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and assesses the clinical significance of BRAF-mutated ctDNA levels in canines with urothelial carcinoma.

Molecular diagnosis of bovine B-cell lymphoma using polymerase chain reaction for immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.

We performed a clonality analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement, specifically with regard to its utility as a method to diagnose bovine B-cell lymphoma. PCR for IgH gene rearrangement indicated monoclonal proliferation of B-cells in 24 of 35 cattle with B-cell lymphoma. In contrast, PCR for IgH gene rearrangement in lymph nodes and tumor tissues from 65 cattle diagnosed with tumors other than B-cell lymphoma and non-tumors revealed polyclonal population of B-cells.

Analysis of bovine leukemia virus integration sites in cattle under 3 years old with enzootic bovine leukosis.

In the present study, we analyzed bovine leukemia virus (BLV) integration sites in under 3 years old with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) cattle and compared these to 30 cattle over 3 years old with EBL. BLV proviruses were integrated near CpG islands and into long interspersed nuclear elements more frequently in EBL cattle under 3 years old than in those over 3 years old. These results suggest that cattle under 3 years old with EBL have different BLV provirus integration sites from those of cattle over 3 years old with EBL, and the BLV provirus integration site may represent one factor contributing to early onset of EBL.

Disseminated thymic B-cell lymphoma in a Holstein heifer.

A 19-mo-old Holstein heifer was inactive and dyspneic. Physical examination revealed wheezing, exophthalmos, a cervical mass, and lymphadenopathy. Cytology of the cervical mass and lymph nodes showed predominantly large atypical lymphocytes.

Periventricular leukomalacia in a neonatal calf.

A 10-day-old, Japanese Black, female calf had shown astasia since just after birth. Focal symmetrical periventricular malacic lesions of the cerebrum and suppurative arthritis of the left hip joint were observed in macroscopic examination. Histologically, the cerebral lesions were confirmed as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).

Serological survey of Borrelia infection of dogs in Sapporo, Japan, where Borrelia garinii infection was previously detected.

A serological survey of Borrelia infection of dogs was performed in Sapporo, Japan, where Borrelia garinii infection in dogs was detected in 2011. A total of 314 serum samples were collected from dogs that visited three animal hospitals in Sapporo from 2012 to 2014. The two-step evaluation method, involving screening ELISA followed by Western blot analysis, was used to detect antibodies against Borrelia species.