Computerized classification method for significant coronary artery stenosis on whole-heart coronary MRA using 3D convolutional neural networks with attention mechanisms.

This study aims to develop a computerized classification method for significant coronary artery stenosis on whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (WHCMRA) images using a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) with attention mechanisms. The dataset included 951 segments from WHCMRA images of 75 patients who underwent both WHCMRA and invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Forty-two segments with significant stenosis (luminal diameter reduction 75%) on ICA were annotated on WHCMRA images by an experienced radiologist, whereas 909 segments without it were annotated at representative sites.

A 5-year review of genomic medicine in breast cancer: insights from C-CAT data on 3776 Japanese patients.

Background: In Japan, despite 5 years since CGP tests were covered by insurance in 2019, low drug accessibility rates remain a critical issue. We evaluated drug accessibility in 3776 breast cancer from the C-CAT database using two criteria: the proportion first linked to PMDA-approved drugs with phase III trial evidence for breast cancer through CGP tests but not existing Companion diagnostics [CDx] (*), and the proportion first linked to PMDA-approved drugs including based on phase I and II trial evidence (**). Additionally, cases linked to investigational drugs for non-PMDA-approved drugs were counted.

YAP regulates HER3 signaling-driven adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors in RET-aberrant cancer.

Purpose: Rearranged during transfection (RET) aberrations represent a targetable oncogene in several tumor types, with RET inhibitors displaying marked efficacy. However, some patients with RET-aberrant cancer are insensitive to RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, drug-tolerant mechanisms have attracted attention as targets for initial therapies to overcome drug resistance.

Takotsubo syndrome in a cancer patient treated with a combination of anti-cancer drugs including immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case report.

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by transient regional left ventricular (LV) dysfunction occurring in individuals exposed to physical or emotional stress. Various stressors are triggers for TTS in cancer patients, and anti-cancer drugs have recently been proposed as a trigger. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify these triggers and avoid the unnecessary interruption of anti-cancer treatment.

Unraveling the influence of TTF-1 expression on immunotherapy outcomes in PD-L1-high non-squamous NSCLC: a retrospective multicenter study.

Introduction: Several studies explored the association between thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the effect of TTF-1 on the therapeutic efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor/chemoimmunotherapy in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (non-Sq NSCLC) with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score of 50% or more who are highly susceptible to immunotherapy remains unresolved. Therefore, we evaluated whether TTF-1 has a clinical impact on this population.

Triple combination therapy comprising osimertinib, an AXL inhibitor, and an FGFR inhibitor improves the efficacy of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

We previously reported that combined therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) osimertinib and AXL inhibitor ONO-7475 is effective in preventing the survival of drug-tolerant cells in high-AXL-expressing EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Nevertheless, certain residual cells are anticipated to eventually develop acquired resistance to this combination therapy. In this study, we attempted to establish a multidrug combination therapy from the first-line setting to overcome resistance to this combination therapy in high-AXL-expressing EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Anoctamin-like protein 1 regulates repolarization in Paramecium behavioral responses.

Paramecium exhibits responsive behavior to environmental changes, moving either closer to or further away from stimuli. Electrophysiological experiments have revealed that these behavioral responses are controlled by membrane potentials. Anoctamin, a Ca-activated Cl channel, is involved in the regulation of membrane potential in mammals.

Nationwide data from comprehensive genomic profiling assays for detecting driver oncogenes in non-small cell lung cancer.

Driver oncogenes are investigated upfront at diagnosis using multi-CDx systems with next-generation sequencing techniques or multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Additionally, from 2019, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) assays have been available in Japan for patients with advanced solid tumors who had completed or were expected to complete standard chemotherapy. These assays are expected to comprehensively detect the driver oncogenes, especially for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

AXL signal mediates adaptive resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors in KRAS G12C-mutant tumor cells.

Recently, novel Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) inhibitors have been clinically developed to treat KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, achieving complete tumor remission is challenging. Therefore, the optimal combined therapeutic intervention with KRAS G12C inhibitors has a potentially crucial role in the clinical outcomes of patients.

Two-dimensional phase-contrast MRI reveals changes in uterine arterial blood flow in pregnant women administered tadalafil for fetal growth restriction.

Introduction: We aimed to examine the effect of uterine arterial (UtA) blood flow changes after tadalafil treatment for fetal growth restriction (FGR) using two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI).

Methods: We recruited 14 pregnant women with FGR aged 20-44 years, at ≥20 weeks' gestation, between May 2019 and July 2020. They underwent 2D PC-MRI for UtA blood flow measurement 3 days (interquartile range: 2-4) after diagnosis.

RNA interference reveals the escape response mechanism of to mechanical stimulation.

In , a mechanical stimulus applied to the posterior portion of the cell causes a transient increase in membrane permeability to potassium ions, transiently rendering the membrane in a hyperpolarized state. Hyperpolarization causes a transient increase in Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration in the cilia, resulting in a transient fast-forward swimming of the cell. Schultz and coworkers (1992) reported that a unique adenylate cyclase (AC)-coupled potassium channel is involved in the reaction underlying this response, which is known as the "escape response.

COVID-19 during pregnancy could potentially affect placental function.

Objective: COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic and has been extensively studied. However, the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy, particularly on placental function, have not been verified. In this study, we used blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) to evaluate whether COVID-19 incidence during pregnancy has any lasting effects with respect to placental oxygenation.

Effects of Combined Therapeutic Targeting of AXL and ATR on Pleural Mesothelioma Cells.

Few treatment options exist for pleural mesothelioma (PM), which is a progressive malignant tumor. However, the efficacy of molecular-targeted monotherapy is limited, and further therapeutic strategies are warranted to treat PM. Recently, the cancer cell-cycle checkpoint inhibitors have attracted attention because they disrupt cell-cycle regulation.

Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Quantitative Assessment with Phase Contrast Cine MR Imaging of the Coronary Sinus.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare global coronary flow reserve (CFR) between patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and risk-matched controls using cardiac MRI (CMR), and to evaluate the relationship between global CFR and CMR left ventricular (LV) parameters.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with DCM and 26 risk-matched controls who underwent comprehensive CMR examination, including stress-rest coronary sinus flow measurement by phase contrast (PC) cine CMR were retrospectively studied. LV peak global longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strains (GLS, GRS, and GCS) were determined by feature tracking.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney with long-term imaging follow-up.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) of the kidney is a rare benign tumor with malignant potential, and is characterized by epithelial and stromal proliferation with a variety of cellularity and growth pattern. MEST of the kidney is often depicted as a well-defined, solid mass with a cystic component. However, due to the rarity of the disease, there are no reports of its progression in serial imaging examinations.

Concomitant Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With Pembrolizumab Monotherapy vs Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Plus Chemotherapy in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Importance: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy with pembrolizumab and ICI plus chemotherapy have been approved as first-line treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for patients with a programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of 50% or more, but the choice between these 2 therapeutic options is unclear.

Objective: To clarify the association of a history of concurrent medication use with treatment outcomes for ICIs with or without chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC with a high PD-L1 TPS and to determine whether these clinical histories are biomarkers for appropriate treatment selection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study at 13 hospitals in Japan included patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD-L1 TPS of 50% or more who had received pembrolizumab ICI monotherapy or ICI plus chemotherapy as the initial treatment between March 2017 and December 2020.