Thiazoplanomicin, a new thiazolyl peptide antibiotic from the leaf-litter actinomycete Actinoplanes sp. MM794L-181F6.

A new bioactive substance was identified from a leaf-litter actinomycete strain by screening for antibacterial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The thiazolyl peptide antibiotic, named thiazoplanomicin, was isolated from the secondary metabolites of the leaf-litter actinomycetes Actinoplanes sp. MM794L-181F6 by extraction with n-butanol, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC.

Increased early complications after total hip arthroplasty compared with hemiarthroplasty in older adults with a femoral neck fracture.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the early postoperative mortality and morbidity in older patients with a fracture of the femoral neck, between those who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) and those who underwent hemiarthroplasty.

Methods: This nationwide, retrospective cohort study used data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. We included older patients (aged ≥ 60 years) who underwent THA or hemiarthroplasty after a femoral neck fracture, between July 2010 and March 2022.

Outcomes after hip fracture surgery in patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone, acetaminophen alone, or both.

Aims: The use of multimodal non-opioid analgesia in hip fractures, specifically acetaminophen combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has been increasing. However, the effectiveness and safety of this approach remain unclear. This study aimed to compare postoperative outcomes among patients with hip fractures who preoperatively received either acetaminophen combined with NSAIDs, NSAIDs alone, or acetaminophen alone.

Anti-osteoporotic drug efficacy for periprosthetic bone loss after total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Periprosthetic bone loss following total hip arthroplasty (THA) threatens prosthesis stability. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic drugs for measures of hip function according to functional outcomes, periprosthetic femoral bone mineral density loss in each Gruen zone, and revision surgery after THA.

Methods: The systematic search of six literature databases was conducted in December 2021 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Cycloimidamicins, Novel natural lead compounds for translation inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most concerning pathogenic bacteria. We screened antibiotics using a highly drug-sensitive P. aeruginosa strain and an oligotrophic medium, and successfully isolated novel antibiotics, namely cycloimidamicins (CIMs), from a rare actinomycete strain, Lentzea sp.

Antiplasmodial Activity Evaluation of a Bestatin-Related Aminopeptidase Inhibitor, Phebestin.

The increasing burden and spread of resistant malaria parasites remains an immense burden to public health. These factors have driven the demand to search for a new therapeutic agent. From our screening, phebestin stood out with nanomolar efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7.

An efficient CRISPR interference-based prediction method for synergistic/additive effects of novel combinations of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Tuberculosis (TB) is treated by chemotherapy with multiple anti-TB drugs for a long period, spanning 6 months even in a standard course. In perspective, to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, novel drugs that act synergistically or additively in combination with major anti-TB drugs and, if possible, shorten the duration of TB therapy are needed. However, their combinatorial effect cannot be predicted until the lead identification phase of the drug development.

Wychimicins, a new class of spirotetronate polyketides from Actinocrispum wychmicini MI503-A4.

In the course of our screening program for new anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antibiotics, four novel antibiotics, termed wychimicins A-D, were isolated from the culture broth of the rare actinomycete Actinocrispum wychmicini strain MI503-AF4. Wychimicins are spirotetronates possessing a macrocyclic 13-membered ring containing trans-decalin and β-D-xylo-hexopyranose moieties connected to C-17 by an O-glycosidic linkage according to MS, NMR and X-ray analyses. In X-ray crystal structure analysis, the Flack constant was 0.

A Novel Grading System of Destructive Lumbar Spondyloarthropathy Based on Evaluation of the Facet Joints.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a new grading system for destructive lumbar spondyloarthropathy (DLSA) by assessing bony destruction of the facet joints; to evaluate interrater reliability; and to determine the association between anteroposterior (AP) dural sac diameter at the lumbar level and the new grading.

Summary Of Background Data: The characteristics of DLSA are unknown, hindering clinical care and research.

Rediscovery of 4-Trehalosamine as a Biologically Stable, Mass-Producible, and Chemically Modifiable Trehalose Analog.

Nonreducing disaccharide trehalose is used as a stabilizer and humectant in various products and is a potential medicinal drug, showing curative effects on the animal models of various diseases. However, its use is limited as it is hydrolyzed by trehalase, a widely expressed enzyme in multiple organisms. Several trehalose analogs are prepared, including a microbial metabolite 4-trehalosamine, and their high biological stability is confirmed.

Effect of loaded exercise for renal osteodystrophy.

We performed bone histomorphometric analysis of biopsy specimens from two patients with hyper- and hypoparathyroidism and a history of long-term hemodialysis (HD) because of diabetes. Case 1, a 53-year-old man with hyperparathyroidism, had been on HD for 22 years, and Case 2, a 54-year-old woman with hypoparathyroidism, for 20 years. Intact parathyroid hormone levels were 1070 and 3 pg/mL, respectively.

Association Between Simultaneous Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty Without Any Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet Therapy and Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Cohort Study.

Background: The association of simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) with postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) remains controversial. The aim of the study is to determine whether simultaneous bilateral THA without chemoprophylaxis has a higher risk than unilateral THA without chemoprophylaxis.

Methods: This is a population-based retrospective cohort study of all adults who underwent primary THA without any anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy between July 2012 and March 2021 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Micromonosporamide A with Glutamine-Dependent Cytotoxicity from sp. MM609M-173N6: Isolation, Stereochemical Determination, and Synthesis.

An acyldipeptide, micromonosporamide A, was isolated from the fermentation broth of sp. MM609M-173N6 by bioassay-guided fractionation using a glutamine compensation assay. The planar structure was elucidated on the basis of comprehensive one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Long-term use of glucocorticoid exacerbates bone lesions in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is osteoporosis arising due to long-term use of glucocorticoids. Despite decades of intense research, the effects of long-term use of glucocorticoids in humans on bone cells and bone structural changes remain unclear. We performed post-mortem histomorphometric analysis of bone from two female patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged 64 and 85 years.

Case report: Osteomalacia due to bisphosphonate treatment in a patient on hemodialysis.

Background: No publications have reported on osteomalacia in patients receiving intermittent cyclical therapy with etidronate (a bisphosphonate) and undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD).

Case Presentation: We report on a 46-year-old Japanese man admitted to our hospital for further examination of left forearm pain. Maintenance HD was started at age 24 years, and the man had been on HD since then.

Dialysis-related carpal tunnel syndrome in the past 40 years.

Purpose And Method: Patients on hemodialysis develop carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) due to an accumulation of dialysis-related β2 microglobulin (β2m) amyloid (DRA). In Japan, dialysis technology has progressed remarkably in the past 40 years and has increased the time until patients require surgery for CTS. However, unclear is whether the time from the start of hemodialysis to the first surgery for CTS is associated with β2m clearance by the different hemodialysis techniques.

The potent protein phosphatase 2A inhibitors aminocytostatins: new derivatives of cytostatin.

Specific inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) mediate anticancer effects by augmenting the tumor-killing activity of natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, new PP2A inhibitors, aminocytostatins A-E, were isolated from Kitasatospora sp. MJ654-NF4 and structurally characterized.

New bone-like tissue formation in calcific tendinopathy: A case report.

Currently, the pathogenesis of nontraumatic heterotopic ossification (HO), e.g., bone-like tissue in calcific tendinopathy remains unclear.

Discovery, characterization and functional improvement of kumamonamide as a novel plant growth inhibitor that disturbs plant microtubules.

The discovery and useful application of natural products can help improve human life. Chemicals that inhibit plant growth are broadly utilized as herbicides to control weeds. As various types of herbicides are required, the identification of compounds with novel modes of action is desirable.