Publications by authors named "Masakazu Toi"

While prostaglandin E (PGE) is produced in human tumor microenvironment (TME), its role therein remains poorly understood. Here, we examine this issue by comparative single-cell RNA sequencing of immune cells infiltrating human cancers and syngeneic tumors in female mice. PGE receptors EP4 and EP2 are expressed in lymphocytes and myeloid cells, and their expression is associated with the downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and MYC targets, glycolysis and ribosomal proteins (RPs).

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Dual human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)blockade with trastuzumab(H)and pertuzumab(P)combined with docetaxel and carboplatin(TCb)is a standard neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer patients. We conducted this sub-study using data from the investigator-initiated randomized phase 2 JBCRG-20(Neo-peaks)study to evaluate the safety of simultaneous mixed HP infusion in Japanese patients, as there have been no data to date. A total of 204 patients in groups A-C received TCbHP, TCbHP followed by trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)+P, and T-DM1+P, respectively.

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Article Synopsis
  • - In the CAPItello-291 study, capivasertib combined with fulvestrant showed improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to placebo in patients with advanced HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer, including those with specific genetic alterations (PIK3CA, AKT1, or PTEN).
  • - Among the 708 total patients, 78 were from Japan, where results also indicated a numerical PFS benefit for the capivasertib-fulvestrant group, suggesting consistency with global findings.
  • - The safety profile for the Japanese subgroup was similar to that of the worldwide population, indicating no new safety concerns, thus supporting the efficacy of the treatment approach.
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  • Neoadjuvant treatment with microtubule inhibitors (MTIs) for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not well understood, prompting a study that analyzed tumor samples to correlate genetic mutations with treatment response.
  • The study found that tumors with high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and specific mutations (like BRCA2) had higher rates of complete response to MTIs like eribulin and paclitaxel.
  • Transcriptomic profiling highlighted FGFR2 downregulation as a critical gene linked to treatment response and identified a significant pathway (glycan degradation) that could influence resistance to these therapies in TNBC patients.*
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Background: Natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be used to analyze large amounts of electronic health record texts, which encompasses various types of patient information such as quality of life, effectiveness of treatments, and adverse drug event (ADE) signals. As different aspects of a patient's status are stored in different types of documents, we propose an NLP system capable of processing 6 types of documents: physician progress notes, discharge summaries, radiology reports, radioisotope reports, nursing records, and pharmacist progress notes.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the system's performance in detecting ADEs by evaluating the results from multitype texts.

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Article Synopsis
  • The CAPItello-291 study examined the effectiveness of the drug combination capivasertib and fulvestrant in treating advanced HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer in patients whose cancer progressed after previous treatments.
  • Results indicated that patients receiving the capivasertib plus fulvestrant treatment experienced longer progression-free survival (7.2 months) compared to those receiving placebo plus fulvestrant (3.6 months).
  • Common side effects included diarrhea and rashes, but the study is still ongoing, and more results are anticipated in the future.
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  • CAPItello-291 is a phase 3 clinical trial studying the effects of capivasertib combined with fulvestrant on progression-free survival in patients with advanced hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who experienced relapse after aromatase inhibitors.
  • The trial involved a diverse group of participants, including both men and women aged 18 and older, and was conducted across 193 centers in 19 countries, focusing on those with a specific type of breast cancer and previous treatment history.
  • Researchers also assessed the impact of this treatment on quality of life, symptoms, and tolerability, aiming to analyze how the new combination therapy affects overall health and wellbeing beyond just cancer progression.
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Background: The prognostic value of the risk-of-recurrence (ROR) score calculated using PAM50 has been validated using clinical trials and patient cohorts. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the PAM50 ROR score in Japanese patients with early breast cancer using long-term follow-up data.

Methods: We enrolled postmenopausal patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative, stage I-II breast cancer who had undergone surgery at the Kyoto University Hospital between 2008 and 2014.

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Background Context: Domino osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) involve multiple OVFs occurring simultaneously or sequentially, before healing of the initial OVFs. However, the risk factors and long-term clinical outcomes of domino OVFs are unclear.

Purpose: To identify the risk factors associated with domino OVFs and to assess their impact on patients' quality of life (QOL).

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Background: Breast cancer cells suppress the host immune system to efficiently invade the lymph nodes; however, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to comprehensively characterise the effects of breast cancers on immune cells in the lymph nodes.

Methods: We collected non-metastatic and metastatic lymph node samples from 6 patients with breast cancer with lymph node metastasis.

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Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the optimal preoperative bone health assessment for adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery through correlation analysis between intraoperative pedicle screw (PS) insertion torque and various bone quality measures, including bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), Hounsfield unit (HU) by computed tomography (CT), and vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score by magnetic resonance imaging.

Overview Of Literature: Existing data on optimal assessment tools for ASD surgery are limited.

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Objectives: APOLLO study, 'efficacy and safety of the deodorAnt Pad against Odour and uLceration for LOcally advanced breast cancer', aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of wearing a deodorant pad in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) with an ulceration.

Methods: Komagome Pads were previously developed by Juntendo University and Kao Corporation. In test A, a conventional pad consisting of gauze, a commercially available diaper, pad, etc and the Komagome Pad were compared over 3 days to assess their efficacy and possible improvements for short-term use.

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Cell cycle dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer that promotes eccessive cell division. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) are key molecules in the G1-to-S phase cell cycle transition and are crucial for the onset, survival, and progression of breast cancer (BC). Small-molecule CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) block phosphorylation of tumor suppressor Rb and thus restrain susceptible BC cells in G1 phase.

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Background: Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is a common oncoplastic procedure used in breast cancer surgery. This study aims to investigate compliance with prosthetic breast reconstruction guidelines and its impact on perioperative treatment.

Methods: We reviewed data from the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry between January 2019 and December 2020.

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Purpose: The randomized phase 2 Neo-peaks study examined usefulness of neoadjuvant trastuzumab emtansine + pertuzumab (T-DM1 + P) following docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab (TCbHP) as compared with the standard TCbHP regimen. We previously reported that pCR rate after neoadjuvant therapy tended to be higher with TCbHP followed by T-DM1 + P. We conducted an exploratory analysis of prognosis 5 years after surgery.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the effectiveness of osteoanabolic agents (like teriparatide and romosozumab) and bisphosphonates in preventing subsequent domino osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) within three months of the initial fracture.
  • An analysis of 144 patients showed that the use of these agents did not significantly reduce the incidence of new fractures at both 3 and 12 months, although teriparatide and romosozumab lowered rates of unstable pseudarthrosis compared to bisphosphonates.
  • The findings suggest that while osteoanabolic agents help with unstable pseudarthrosis, they do not outperform bisphosphonates in preventing new domino OVFs, indicating a need for a broader
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Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease that causes proximal muscle weakness in the extremities leading to severe immobility and dysphagia. Approximately 20% of patients with DM are positive for anti-TIF-1γ antibody and frequently accompanied by malignant tumors. Although DM remission after tumor resection has been reported, the indications for surgery in patients with severe DM are unknown.

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Background: Data on the incidence, timing, and severity of myocardial damage after anthracycline-based chemotherapy (AC) in Japanese patients with breast cancer are limited.

Method: We evaluated cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) in Japanese women with breast cancer (n = 51) after the first AC according to the definitions of the 2022 European Society of Cardiology onco-cardiology guideline, including assessment of high-sensitivity troponin I (TnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels.

Results: CTRCD was detected in 67 % of the patients (3.

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Background: Systemic edema is an adverse effect of docetaxel chemotherapy and causes distress to patients, including those receiving this agent for breast cancer. However, its characteristics and factors related to its effect on quality of life (QoL) have not been adequately investigated. In this study, we assessed systemic edema quantitatively, explored related factors, and evaluated QoL in patients receiving docetaxel for breast cancer.

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The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines are published as timely guidance on clinical issues in breast cancer treatment in Japan. In the recent edition of these guidelines, we addressed a new clinical question 34 (CQ 34, systemic treatment part) "Is trastuzumab deruxtecan recommended for patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer?" and a new future research question 7 (FRQ 7, pathological diagnosis part) "How is HER2-low breast cancer diagnosed for the indication of trastuzumab deruxtecan?". These questions address use of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer who have previously received chemotherapy for metastatic disease.

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Non-surgical ablation is emerging as an alternative local therapy option for patients with early-stage breast cancer and encompasses two main types of percutaneous therapeutic procedures: radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. Both techniques involve obliteration of a spherical lesion and feasibility studies have shown that complete tumour ablation is achievable with good or excellent cosmetic results. Although few clinical studies have directly compared non-surgical ablation with conventional surgical resection, observational studies indicate that clinical outcomes are favourable with acceptable rates of local control and no detriment to long-term survival.

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This is a prognostic report by the Japanese Breast Cancer Society on breast cancer extracted from the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry of Japan. Here, we present a summary of 457,878 breast cancer cases registered between 2004 and 2016. The median follow-up duration was 5.

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Purpose: The OlympiA randomized phase III trial compared 1 year of olaparib (OL) or placebo (PL) as adjuvant therapy in patients with germline , high-risk human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early breast cancer after completing (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy ([N]ACT), surgery, and radiotherapy. The patient-reported outcome primary hypothesis was that OL-treated patients may experience greater fatigue during treatment.

Methods: Data were collected before random assignment, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

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Background Context: Elucidating the mechanism of neuropathic pain (NeP) is crucial as it can result in motor dysfunction and negatively impact quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Although it has been reported that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is involved in NeP in rat models of peripheral nerve injury and that COX2 inhibitors can alleviate NeP, these mechanisms after SCI have not been fully investigated.

Purpose: The purpose is to investigate whether the thoracic SCI affects the expression of mRNAs for COX1 and COX2 in the lumbar spinal cord, and the effect of COX2 inhibitor on its behavior.

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