Publications by authors named "Masakazu Murayama"
Article Synopsis
- Natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs) in cancer cells can either activate immune responses or help tumors evade them, depending on their levels in the cells.
- In pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1), soluble MICB (sMICB) is found in the culture supernatant, which may saturate NKG2D T cells and inhibit their activation by membrane-bound MICB (mMICB).
- Inhibiting the enzyme ADAM17, which contributes to the shedding of MICB, can help maintain mMICB expression and enhance NKG2D T cell activation, demonstrating a potential strategy to improve anti-tumor immune responses.
The low response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a challenge. The efficacy of ICIs is influenced by the tumour microenvironment, which is controlled by the gut microbiota. In particular, intestinal bacteria and their metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are important regulators of cancer immunity; however, our knowledge on the effects of individual SCFAs remains limited.
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- Researchers explored the relationship between intestinal bacteria and postoperative recurrence in esophageal cancer patients after preoperative chemotherapy.
- They used 16S rRNA metagenome sequencing and machine learning analysis to identify specific bacteria linked to cancer recurrence.
- The study highlighted Butyricimonas and Actinomyces as potentially significant biomarkers, with Butyricimonas suggested as a factor in postoperative recurrence, warranting further investigation into their immune regulation roles.
Article Synopsis
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors, like PD-1 inhibitors, have changed cancer treatment, but only 10%-30% of patients with solid tumors respond well to these therapies.
- This study investigated how the occupancy of the PD-1 receptor in different T-cell populations, particularly effector regulatory T cells (eTregs), relates to patient outcomes and adverse effects in people treated with the drug nivolumab.
- Findings showed that lower PD-1 occupancy on eTregs was linked to better clinical outcomes and lower mortality, suggesting that managing PD-1 signaling in these cells could enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies.
The gut microbiota is an important partner in humans, and its dysregulation is associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Furthermore, the gut microbiota is involved in the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and controlling the gut microbiota may enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Currently, the development of therapies to control the gut microbiota includes fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have had a major impact on cancer treatment. Gut microbiota plays a major role in the cancer microenvironment, affecting treatment response. The gut microbiota is highly individual, and varies with factors, such as age and race.
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- - The study investigates how antibiotic use affects the outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, noting a trend toward increased antibiotic prescriptions for these patients.
- - Among 69 patients analyzed, those who received antibiotics around the time of starting anti-PD-1 therapy experienced significantly worse outcomes, including lower objective response rates and shorter overall and progression-free survival.
- - The findings indicate that antibiotic treatment is a negative predictive factor for progression-free survival, suggesting that combining antibiotics with anti-PD-1 therapy should be avoided in NSCLC patients.
A total of 110 patients were treated with primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder from 1990 to 2000. During the follow-up period, which was for at least two years, four patients (3.6 percent) had subsequent upper urothelial cancer at an average of 61.
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