Epidemiological trends in head and neck cancer in Nara Prefecture, Japan, from 2000-2021: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Epidemiological surveys were conducted in Nara Prefecture, Japan, to determine the prevalence of head and neck cancer in the region since 1986.

Methods: This study examined the dynamics of visits to 18 medical institutions treating head and neck cancer in Nara Prefecture from 2000 to 2021.

Results: A total of 8,605 patients were registered, with 4,788 being male and 3,787 female.

Complications including dysphagia following transoral non-robotic surgery for pharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter study.

Objective: Transoral surgery is a minimally invasive treatment but may cause severe dysphagia at a lower rate than chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: We compared clinical information, surgical complications, and swallowing function in patients who underwent transoral nonrobotic surgery for laryngo-pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 2015 and 2021 in a multicenter retrospective study.

Results: Six hundred and forty patients were included.

Impact of cervical lymph node metastasis on transoral surgery for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is likely to spread to the lymph nodes, but there is no established strategy for management in transoral surgery.

Methods: We compared oncologic and functional outcomes in a retrospective multicenter study of patients who underwent transoral surgery for hypopharyngeal carcinoma between 2015 and 2021.

Results: Two-hundred and thirty-two patients were included.

Local recurrence and metachronous multiple cancers after transoral nonrobotic surgery for pharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Late laryngopharyngeal cancers after transoral surgery include not only local recurrences but also metachronous multiple cancers.

Methods: We compared clinical information, surgical outcomes, and late laryngopharyngeal cancers in patients who underwent transoral nonrobotic surgery for laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma without lymph node metastases between 2015 and 2021 in a multicenter retrospective study.

Results: Four hundred and fifty-seven patients were included.

Parathyroid carcinoma: impact of preoperative diagnosis on the choice of surgical procedure.

The operative procedure in the surgical treatment of parathyroid carcinoma differs from that of benign hyperparathyroidism. However, preoperative differentiation is often difficult. This study elucidated how clinicians diagnose parathyroid carcinoma and the relationship between preoperative diagnosis and the operative course.

Neck Dissections Based on Sentinel Lymph Node Navigation Versus Elective Neck Dissections in Early Oral Cancers: A Randomized, Multicenter, and Noninferiority Trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare patients with early oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) (tumor category [T] 1-2, node-negative, and no distant metastasis) treated with traditional elective neck dissection (ND) with those managed by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using survival and neck function and complications as end points.

Methods: Sixteen institutions in Japan participated in the study (trial registration number: UMIN000006510). Patients of age ≥ 18 years with histologically confirmed, previously untreated OCSCC (Union for International Cancer Control TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors 7th edition T1-2, node-negative no distant metastasis), with ≥ 4 mm (T1) depth of invasion, were randomly assigned to undergo standard selective ND (ND group; n = 137) or SLNB-navigated ND (SLNB group; n = 134).

Sensory preservation in neck dissection: outcomes of a sub-sternocleidomastoid approach.

Objective: Cutaneous anesthesia in early postoperative period is common after neck dissection even if the cervical nerve (CN) rootlets are preserved. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the preservation of the terminal branches of CNs using sub-sternocleidomastoid (SCM) approach combined with medially placed skin incision can prevent early postoperative anesthesia.

Material And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 129 neck dissections in 87 head and neck cancer patients.

Oncologic safety of cervical nerve preservation in neck dissection for head and neck cancer.

Background: Although the functional merits of preserving cervical nerves in neck dissection for head and neck cancer have been reported, the oncologic safety has not yet been determined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of cervical nerve preservation.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with head and neck cancer who had been treated by neck dissection between 2009 and 2014 at Kyoto Medical Center.

Cystadenocarcinoma of the salivary glands with potential lymph node metastasis.

Cystadenocarcinoma derived from the salivary gland in the head and neck region is an extremely rare malignancy. Therefore, the clinicopathological characteristics is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics, and present a total of four patients who were treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital East during the period between 1995 and 2012.

Feasibility of salvage endoscopic resection for patients with locoregional failure after definitive radiotherapy for pharyngeal cancer.

Background And Study Aims: Local failure after radiation therapy for pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is problematic. The safety of endoscopic resection for lesions within the radiation therapy (RT) field has not been assessed. We evaluated salvage endoscopic resection in patients with locoregional failure after definitive radiotherapy for PSCC.

Nine cases of carcinoma with neuroendocrine features in the head and neck: clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes.

Objective: As neuroendocrine carcinomas in the head and neck region are extremely rare, their clinicopathological characteristics remain largely unknown. Moreover, the 2005 World Health Organization classification criteria for head and neck carcinomas with neuroendocrine features have numerous limitations. Therefore, the clinicopathological features and patient outcomes of these tumors must be clarified.

Gastrostomy dependence in head and neck carcinoma patient receiving post-operative therapy.

Objective: Post-operative concurrent chemoradiotherapy significantly improves the rates of locoregional control and disease-free survival in high-risk patients but has significant adverse effects. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and opioid-based pain control increase treatment completion rates but can result in dysphagia.

Methods: The rate and duration of use of prophylactically placed percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies were evaluated in 43 patients who underwent post-operative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy from April 2007 through March 2010.

[Frequency and distributions of cervical lymph node metastases in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma].

Objectives: To examine the frequency and distribution of cervical lymph node metastases in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the necessities of prophylactic treatment of the neck.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective study of 242 patients with SCC of the oropharynx treated by surgery as the initial therapy at the National Cancer Center East Hospital from 1994 to 2008, excluding 53 patients who had local recurrences and 9 patients who had previously undergone neck dissection for metastasis from an unknown primary. We defined "potential lymph node metastases" as cases pathologically positive for lymph node metastases and/or secondary lymph node metastases and analyzed the necessity of prophylactic neck dissection for cases clinically negative for cervical metastases.

The effectiveness of chemoradiation therapy and salvage surgery for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of salvage surgery after definitive chemoradiation for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Of the 79 patients with previously untreated hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who received definitive chemoradiation from January 2004 to January 2009, 24 who had recurrence and underwent salvage surgery at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan, were enrolled in this study.

Super-radical surgery for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a large cohort study using the Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Research Consortium of Japan database.

Background: The consequences of super-radical resection in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) have not been fully investigated.

Methods: This retrospective study used the multicenter ATC Research Consortium of Japan database. Among 233 stage IVB patients, 23 underwent super-radical resection (group S).

Observation as an option for epithelial positive margin after partial glossectomy in stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of 365 cases.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess local recurrence and clinical prognosis in patients diagnosed as having a positive margin in the epithelial layer after a partial glossectomy treated by close observation.

Methods: A total of 365 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue diagnosed as clinical Stage I or II, treated by partial glossectomy in the National Cancer Center Hospital East between 1992 and 2006, were studied retrospectively.

Results: Pathological findings showed that 13 cases had positive margins in the epithelial layer, 4 (30.

Effect of phospholipid composition on discoidal HDL formation.

Discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are known to fractionalize into several discrete populations. Factors regulating their size are, however, less understood. To reveal the effect of lipid composition on their formation and characteristics, we prepared several reconstituted HDLs (rHDLs) with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (POPS), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), and sphingomyelin at phospholipid to apolipoprotein A-I ratios of 100 and 25.

Mucosal defect repair with a polyglycolic acid sheet.

Objective: Early-stage oral or oropharyngeal carcinomas are often treated with surgical resection. Resulting wounds that are too large for primary closure can be covered with skin grafts or patches made from various biomaterials. Recently, polyglycolic acid sheets have been used for this purpose.

Prospective trial of chemotherapy-enhanced accelerated radiotherapy for larynx preservation in patients with intermediate-volume hypopharyngeal cancer.

Background: Altered fractionation radiotherapy (RT) improves locoregional control in head and neck cancer without aggravation of late adverse events. To improve successful larynx-preservation rates in patients with resectable, intermediate-volume hypopharyngeal cancer, a prospective trial of chemotherapy-enhanced accelerated RT was conducted.

Methods: Patients with T2 to T4 hypopharyngeal cancer received 40 Gray (Gy)/4 weeks to the entire neck followed by boost RT administering 30 Gy/2 weeks (1.

Narrow band imaging endoscopy for unknown primary tumor sites of the neck.

Background: Examinations used to search for unknown primary tumors of squamous cell carcinomas of the neck include CT, MRI, laryngoscopy, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and positron-emission tomography (PET). Narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in which an optical color-separation filter is used to narrow the bandwidth of spectral transmittance is also used.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients in whom primary squamous cell carcinomas could not be detected with conventional white light laryngoscopy underwent NBI endoscopy and PET.

Analysis of operative mortality and post-operative lethal complications after head and neck reconstruction with free tissue transfer.

Objective: Operative mortality is the most important index for assessing operative results, which has rarely been examined in reconstructive surgery. The aims of this study were to establish a representative index of operative mortality after head and neck reconstruction and to consider measures to improve operative results.

Methods: We reviewed cases of head and neck reconstruction by means of free tissue transfer performed from July 1992 through December 2005 at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.

Free jejunal patch graft for reconstruction after partial hypopharyngectomy with laryngeal preservation.

Objectives: To examine postoperative complications and swallowing function associated with free jejunal patch graft transfer after partial hypopharyngectomy with laryngeal preservation.

Design: Retrospective medical record review.

Setting: Academic research.

A pilot study of post-operative radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy for high-risk squamous cell carcinoma of the cervical esophagus.

Objective: After complete resection of carcinomas of the head and neck, including carcinoma of the cervical esophagus, the pattern of first failure is more often locoregional than distant metastasis. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of the combination of post-operative radiation and concurrent chemotherapy with low-dose cisplatin for high-risk squamous cell carcinoma of the cervical esophagus.

Methods: From 2005 through 2008, 34 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervical esophagus underwent cervical esophagectomy with or without laryngectomy.