Elderly onset atypical Lemierre's syndrome concurrent with a rheumatoid vasculitis sacral ulcer infection: a case report.

Background: Typical Lemierre's syndrome is usually secondary to an oropharyngeal infection. Recently, several cases following a primary infection site other than the oropharynx have been reported as atypical Lemierre's syndrome; although, these primary lesions are limited to the head and neck. This is the first case potentially sequential to infectious foci outside the head and neck.

HMGB1 blockade significantly improves luminal fibrous obliteration in a murine model of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.

Background: Although high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), which is a nuclear protein, was reported to enhance the allogeneic responses in transplantation, the effect of HMGB1 on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is unknown.

Methods: A murine heterotopic tracheal transplantation model was used. Protein concentrations of HMGB1, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-17 were analyzed in the isografts, allografts, controls, and HMGB1-neutralizing antibody administered allografts (n = 6; Days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28).

Impact of Preoperative Ultrasonography Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis in Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of morbidity or death after lung operations. Carotid artery screening (CAS) is useful for detecting carotid artery stenosis, which is one of the causes of stroke. This study investigated the frequency of and risk factors for preoperative carotid artery stenosis to determine whether CAS with ultrasonography contributes to preventing postoperative stroke or cardiovascular comorbidities in lung cancer patients.

Postoperative Management of Multiple Primary Cancers Associated with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: Modern treatment for primary cancers has improved survival. Therefore, increased numbers of patients with multiple primary cancers (MPC) associated with lung cancer may be expected. The aim of the present study was to report MPC associated with lung cancer and discuss patients' characteristics and postoperative management.

The significant influence of having children on the postoperative prognosis of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between family-associated factors and the postoperative prognosis in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, we investigated whether having children was associated with the postoperative maintenance of the nutritional status. We selected 438 NSCLC patients who had undergone curative lung resection between 2004 and 2011 at Kyushu University (Fukuoka, Japan), whose family-associated factors were available.

Clinical Impact and Risk Factors for Skeletal Muscle Loss After Complete Resection of Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: A relationship between sarcopenia diagnosed by skeletal muscle area (SMA) and poor prognosis in cancer patients has recently been reported. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of postoperatively decreased SMA in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This study selected 101 patients with pathologic stage 1 NSCLC who had undergone pre- and postoperative (~ 1 year) computed tomography scans and lobectomy between 2005 and 2010 at Kyushu University Hospital.

Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression and EGFR Mutations in Multifocal Lung Cancer.

Background: Little is known about the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in multifocal lung cancer, such as the expression in multiple primary lung cancer and pulmonary metastasis. In this translational study, we investigated PD-L1 expression and its relationship with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in resected multifocal lung cancer.

Methods: The PD-L1 expression in 152 samples of multifocal lung cancer from 59 patients was evaluated by an immunohistochemical analysis.

Successful resection of a tracheal metastasis of rectal cancer: a case report.

A tracheal metastasis (TM) from non-pulmonary malignancy is extremely rare, and there are very few reports regarding TM. Here, we report a case of the successful tracheal resection of TM of colorectal cancer. A 36-year-old man underwent a surgical resection for the rectal cancer.

Prognostic impact of controlling nutritional status score in resected lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The preoperative immune-nutritional status has been shown to predict the postoperative prognosis in various types of cancer; however, the prognostic significance of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in resected lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has yet to be elucidated.

Methods: A total of 108 patients with resected lung SCC were analyzed for their clinicopathological factors, including the CONUT score, which can be calculated from the serum albumin, total cholesterol, and total peripheral lymphocyte count. The patients were divided into two groups: CONUT low (0 or 1) or high (≥2).

Relationship Between Preoperative Sarcopenia Status and Immuno-nutritional Parameters in Patients with Early-stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Although the skeletal muscle in the region of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) is generally assessed in order to judge sarcopenia, not every patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoes computed tomography including the L3 region. We hypothesized that immuno-nutritional parameters could predict the existence of sarcopenia in patients with NSCLC.

Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the correlation between preoperative sarcopenia and immuno-nutritional parameters in patients with early-stage NSCLC.

Preoperative Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: A predictive and prognostic factor in patients with pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Surgical outcomes of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are poor. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a useful parameter for evaluating nutritional status. We aimed to investigate if preoperative GNRI could be a predictive factor for pathological stage I NSCLC patients.

Prognostic significance of immune-nutritional parameters for surgically resected elderly lung cancer patients: a multicentre retrospective study.

Objectives: The world's population is rapidly ageing, and the age of patients with lung cancer will increase as well. The prognostic nutritional index, controlling nutritional status and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) are useful parameters for evaluating immune-nutritional status. We aimed to perform a multicentre retrospective study to investigate the correlations of these immune-nutritional parameters with postoperative comorbidities or surgical outcomes of elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Correlation between CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 chemokine axis expression and prognosis in lymph-node-positive lung cancer patients.

The CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 chemokine axis plays important roles in the migration of tumor cells during cancer development by modulating site-specific distant metastasis including to regional lymph nodes. We investigated the correlation of these chemokine expressions to prognosis in lymph-node-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. A total of 140 surgically resected specimens of primary site (PS) and metastatic lymph nodes (MLN) of NSCLC involving hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes (N1-2) were collected.

Metabolic characteristics of programmed cell death-ligand 1-expressing lung cancer on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been identified as novel targets of immunotherapy of lung cancer. In present study, we evaluated the metabolic characteristics of lung cancer by using F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( F-FDG PET/CT) with regard to PD-L1 protein expression. PD-L1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with the antibody clone SP142 in 579 surgically resected primary lung cancer patients.

Invasive features of small-sized lung adenocarcinoma adjoining emphysematous bullae.

Objectives: Radiologically small-sized adenocarcinomas are special entities of lung cancer, as their radiological and pathological invasiveness determines the surgical procedures applied; however, the clinicopathological features of small-sized lung adenocarcinoma adjoining cystic airspaces (Ca-ADJ) have yet to be fully clarified. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics, including the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, in patients with Ca-ADJ ≤3.0 cm.

Discrepancy in Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Between Primary and Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Aim: To investigate the discordance in the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression between primary and metastatic tumors and analyze the association between the discordance and the clinical factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-one NSCLC patients who underwent surgery or biopsy for paired primary and metastatic lesions at our Institution from 2005 to 2016 were analyzed. Lesions with the PD-L1 expression being ≥5% were considered PD-L1-positive.

Clinical implications of the novel cytokine IL-38 expressed in lung adenocarcinoma: Possible association with PD-L1 expression.

Interleukin (IL)-38, a novel member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is homologous to IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-36Ra, and has been reported to act as an antagonist. IL-38 expression is found in tonsil, placenta, and spleen, and recent studies suggest an association between IL-38 and autoimmune diseases. However, whether IL-38 plays a role in carcinogenesis or cancer growth is unclear.

Surgical Repair of Pleuroperitoneal Communication with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis.

Background: Pleuroperitoneal communication is a serious complication in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, few single-institutional reports discuss the details of pleuroperitoneal communication in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients regarding the intraoperative findings, postoperative course, and outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive pleuroperitoneal communication patients who were treated surgically from September 2008 to March 2016.

Association of MTH1 expression with the tumor malignant potential and poor prognosis in patients with resected lung cancer.

Objectives: The oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphatase, mutT homolog 1 (MTH1), physiologically sanitizes 8-oxo-dGTP in the nucleotide pool. Previous studies indicated that MTH1 is associated with tumor proliferation and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines; however, the role of MTH1 in patients with NSCLC remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: Two patient cohorts that underwent surgery for NSCLC in our institution were investigated retrospectively.

Significance of the Preoperative CONUT Score in Predicting Postoperative Disease-free and Overall Survival in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma with Obstructive Lung Disease.

Background: The usefulness of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score for preoperative nutritional assessment has been reported in resected colorectal and esophageal cancer, but not in lung cancer with obstructive lung disease.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 109 patients with adenocarcinoma with obstructive pulmonary disease. We set 1 as the cut-off value for the CONUT score and classified patients into high (≥1) and low (0) CONUT groups.

Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis after left pneumonectomy, diagnosed based on a high plasma D-dimer level: a case report.

A 69-year-old man with locally advanced squamous cell lung cancer in the left hilum underwent left upper sleeve lobectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with an S-1/cisplatin regimen. On postoperative day (POD) 5, the chest X-ray findings deteriorated, and computed tomography (CT) images showed pulmonary congestion of the left residual lung. We then performed emergent left completion pneumonectomy.

Computed Tomography Features of Lung Adenocarcinomas With Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression.

Introduction: The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors against programmed death 1 has paved the way for a new era of treatment of lung cancer. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expected to predict the response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer. Predicting PD-L1 expression using a noninvasive method before immunotherapy would, therefore, help identify patients for whom immunotherapy can be successful.

Clinical Significance of DNA Damage Response Factors and Chromosomal Instability in Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological role of DNA damage-response genes and chromosomal instability in primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials And Methods: We investigated 60 surgically-resected lung adenocarcinomas. Levels of checkpoint kinase 2 gene (CHEK2) and breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein gene (BRCA1) mRNA expression were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Relevance Between Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Radiologic Invasiveness in Pathologic Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was reported to predict the response of immunotherapy; however, the association between PD-L1 expression and radiologic and pathologic features has yet to be elucidated.

Methods: In all, 292 patients with resected pathologic stage I adenocarcinoma were analyzed for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry and evaluated to determine the association between PD-L1 expression and the radiologic/pathologic invasiveness. Specifically, the radiologic invasiveness and noninvasiveness were determined based on the consolidation/tumor ratio, with a cutoff value of 0.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression With the Clone SP142 Antibody in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been identified as novel targets for immunotherapy, with anti-PD-1 therapy currently the standard treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after the failure of first-line chemotherapy treatment. The recent phase II POPLAR and phase III OAK studies showed that atezolizumab, a representative PD-L1 inhibitor, exhibited a survival benefit compared with standard therapy in patients with NSCLC.

Patients And Methods: We examined PD-L1 expression in NSCLC using the clone SP142 of POPLAR and OAK studies.