Competencies That Japanese Collegiate Sports Coaches Require for Dual-Career Support for Student Athletes.

The purpose of this study was to clarify coaches' competencies (COM) regarding dual-career (DC) support for student athletes in Japan. The questionnaire survey was conducted at 31 universities with an online survey URL that was distributed to 300 collegiate athletic coaches. In total, there were 152 respondents (female, 19; male, 133; mean age, 43.

Different gripping intervals in reproducibility of force-decreasing curve and muscle oxygenation kinetics during sustained maximal gripping.

The purpose was to examine the properties and reproducibility of the force-decreasing curve and muscle-oxygenation kinetics measured by near infrared spectroscopy in sustained isometric grip and rhythmic repeated grip measurements using various contraction intervals (2 to 5 sec.). 10 healthy young adults performed both grip tests for 6 min.

Relationships between force and muscle oxygenation kinetics during sustained static gripping using a progressive workload.

This study aimed to examine the relationships between force and subjective muscle-fatigue sensation (SMS), and muscle oxygenation kinetics during sustained static gripping using a progressive workload. Subjects consisted of 10 males (height 173.2+/-7.

Gender difference in subjective muscle-fatigue sensation during sustained muscle force exertion.

Muscle endurance is one of the important composite factors to health-related physical fitness. However, previous measurement techniques for evaluation of isometric muscle endurance have been problematic, including rapid increase of blood pressure and heart rate. The progressive workload method which gradually increases the load can reduce subject's physical and mental burden and is safe even for the elderly.

Relationships between force-time parameters and muscle oxygenation kinetics during maximal sustained isometric grip and maximal repeated rhythmic grip with different contraction frequencies.

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between various force-time parameters and muscle oxygenation kinetics during maximal sustained isometric grip (SIG) and maximal repeated rhythmic grips (RRG) with different grip intervals (interval times: 5, 4, 3, and 2 s). Subjects were 10 healthy young males, aged 20-26 years (height 173.9+/-7.

The properties and interrelationships of various force-time parameters during maximal repeated rhythmic grip.

The purpose of this study was to examine the properties and interrelationships of various force-time parameters including the inflection point for the rate of decline in force during a maximal repeated rhythmic grip. Fifteen healthy males (age M=21.5, SD=2.

Sex differences and properties of the decreasing force during sustained static grip at various target forces.

The purpose of this study was to examine properties and sex differences of the decreasing force during sustained isometric grip using various target forces, 50%, 75%, and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), for 6 min. Participants were healthy, 15 men (height = 172.9 +/- 4.

The influence of different target values and measurement times on the decreasing force curve during sustained static gripping work.

The purposes of this study were to clarify the decreasing properties of, and to examine useful measurement times for evaluating muscle endurance in a comparison among various parameters using measurement times of 1, 3 and 6 mins and target values of 50, 75 and 100% MVC. Fifteen males and 15 females participated in this study. All subjects carried out sustained isometric gripping under nine conditions of measurement times and target forces, (1, 3 and 6 mins vs.

Prediction equation for head volume of Japanese young adults.

Accurate measurement of head volume is indispensable for precise assessments of body composition determined by hydrostatic weighing without head submersion. The purpose of this study was to establish a prediction equation for head volume measured by the immersion method from multiple regression analysis using head parameters (head circumference, head length, head breadth, neck girth and head thickness) as independent variables. The participants were 106 Japanese young adults (55 males and 51 females) aged 17-27 years.

Examination of the reproducibility of grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics on maximal repeated rhythmic grip exertion.

The contribution of physiological mechanisms involving force-exertion value during maximal repeated rhythmic muscle contraction work changes over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics with a decrease of the gripping force during maximal repeated rhythmic grip (RRG). Subjects were 10 males, aged 20-26 years (height 173.

Relationships between force curves and muscle oxygenation kinetics during repeated handgrip.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the kinetics of muscle oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the phase of the decreasing force, especially the pre- and post-phases of the inflection point, during repeated rhythmic grip (RRG) of 30 grips/min(-1) for 6 minutes. The inflection point was the time at which the decreasing speed of the grip force changed markedly. It was calculated statistically from two regression lines fitted to each decreasing phase by applying a two-phase regression model.

Relationships between decreasing force and muscle oxygenation kinetics during sustained static gripping.

The purposes of this study were to clarify the kinetics of muscle oxygenation (Oxy-Hb, Deoxy-Hb) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in the decreasing force phase, especially the pre- and post-phases of the inflection point, in sustained maximal static gripping (SSG), and to examine the relationship between kinetics of muscle oxygenation and force-decreasing parameters. The experiment was conducted on 20 male subjects aged 15-18 years. The time at the lowest Oxy-Hb value (20.

Comparison of estimation accuracy of body density between different hydrostatics weighing methods without head submersion.

This study compared the accuracy of body density (Db) estimation methods using hydrostatic weighing without complete head submersion (HW(withoutHS)) of Donnelly et al. (1988) and Donnelly and Sintek (1984) as referenced to Goldman and Buskirk's approach (1961). Donnelly et al.

Reliability of a computerized target-pursuit system for measuring coordinated exertion of force.

The purpose was to examine trial-to-trial and day-to-day reliability and sensitivity for measurements of the ability to coordinate exertion of force based on target-pursuit. 30 college students were required to match their grip strength to a changing demand value appearing on the display of a personal computer, using two visual images in the form of a bar chart and waveform. The variable was the sum of the differences between demanded and produced grip strength over time.

The effect of measurement time when evaluating static muscle endurance during sustained static maximal gripping.

The purpose of this study was to examine the useful measurement time when evaluating static muscle endurance by comparing various parameters during sustained static gripping for 1, 3 and 6 min. Fifteen males (mean +/- SD age 20.8 +/- 1.